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Journal of Virology, June 2009, p. 5964-5970, Vol. 83, No. 12
0022-538X/09/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JVI.02668-08
Copyright © 2009, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Particle Assembly and Ultrastructural Features Associated with Replication of the Lytic Archaeal Virus Sulfolobus Turreted Icosahedral Virus{triangledown}

Susan K. Brumfield,1,2,3 Alice C. Ortmann,6,7 Vincent Ruigrok,1,2,3 Peter Suci,3,4,5 Trevor Douglas,1,2,5* and Mark J. Young1,2,3,5*

Thermal Biology Institute,1 Center for Bioinspired Nanomaterials,2 Department of Plant Sciences and Plant Pathology,3 Center for Biofilm Engineering,4 Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Department of Microbiology, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana,5 Marine Sciences, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama,6 Dauphin Island Sea Lab, Dauphin Island, Alabama7

Received 28 December 2008/ Accepted 27 March 2009

Little is known about the replication cycle of archaeal viruses. We have investigated the ultrastructural changes of Sulfolobus solfataricus P2 associated with infection by Sulfolobus turreted icosahedral virus (STIV). A time course of a near synchronous STIV infection was analyzed using both scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Assembly of STIV particles, including particles lacking DNA, was observed within cells, and fully assembled STIV particles were visible by 30 h postinfection (hpi). STIV was determined to be a lytic virus, causing cell disruption beginning at 30 hpi. Prior to cell lysis, virus infection resulted in the formation of pyramid-like projections from the cell surface. These projections, which have not been documented in any other host-virus system, appeared to be caused by the protrusion of the cell membrane beyond the bordering S-layer. These structures are thought to be sites at which progeny virus particles are released from infected cells. Based on these observations of lysis, a plaque assay was developed for STIV. From these studies we propose an overall assembly model for STIV.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address for M. J. Young: Department of Plant Sciences and Plant Pathology, Montana State University, 111A Chemistry Building, P.O. Box 173430, Bozeman MT 59717. Phone: (406) 994-5158. Fax: (406) 994-7600. E-mail: myoung{at}montana.edu. Mailing address for T. Douglas: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, P.O. Box 173400, Bozeman, MT 59717. Phone: (406) 994-6566. Fax: (406) 994-5117. E-mail: tdouglas{at}chemistry.montana.edu

{triangledown} Published ahead of print on 8 April 2009.

Journal of Virology, June 2009, p. 5964-5970, Vol. 83, No. 12
0022-538X/09/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JVI.02668-08
Copyright © 2009, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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