This Article
Right arrow Full Text
Right arrow Full Text (PDF)
Right arrow Alert me when this article is cited
Right arrow Alert me if a correction is posted
Right arrow Citation Map
Services
Right arrow E-mail this article to a friend
Right arrow Similar articles in this journal
Right arrow Similar articles in PubMed
Right arrow Alert me to new issues of the journal
Right arrow Download to citation manager
Right arrowReprints and Permissions
Right arrow Copyright Information
Right arrow Books from ASM Press
Right arrow MicrobeWorld
Citing Articles
Right arrow Citing Articles via HighWire
Right arrow Citing Articles via Google Scholar
Google Scholar
Right arrow Articles by Wills, E.
Right arrow Articles by Baines, J. D.
Right arrow Search for Related Content
PubMed
Right arrow PubMed Citation
Right arrow Articles by Wills, E.
Right arrow Articles by Baines, J. D.

 Previous Article  |  Next Article 

Journal of Virology, May 2009, p. 4800-4809, Vol. 83, No. 10
0022-538X/09/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JVI.02431-08
Copyright © 2009, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

The UL31 and UL34 Gene Products of Herpes Simplex Virus 1 Are Required for Optimal Localization of Viral Glycoproteins D and M to the Inner Nuclear Membranes of Infected Cells{triangledown}

Elizabeth Wills, Fan Mou, and Joel D. Baines*

Department of Microbiology and Immunology, New York State College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850

Received 25 November 2008/ Accepted 25 February 2009

UL31 and UL34 of herpes simplex virus type 1 form a complex necessary for nucleocapsid budding at the inner nuclear membrane (INM). Previous examination by immunogold electron microscopy and electron tomography showed that pUL31, pUL34, and glycoproteins D and M are recruited to perinuclear virions and densely staining regions of the INM where nucleocapsids bud into the perinuclear space. We now show by quantitative immunogold electron microscopy coupled with analysis of variance that gD-specific immunoreactivity is significantly reduced at both the INM and outer nuclear membrane (ONM) of cells infected with a UL34 null virus. While the amount of gM associated with the nuclear membrane (NM) was only slightly (P = 0.027) reduced in cells infected with the UL34 null virus, enrichment of gM in the INM at the expense of that in the ONM was greatly dependent on UL34 (P < 0.0001). pUL34 also interacted directly or indirectly with immature forms of gD (species expected to reside in the endoplasmic reticulum or nuclear membrane) in lysates of infected cells and with the cytosolic tail of gD fused to glutathione S-transferase in rabbit reticulocyte lysates, suggesting a role for the pUL34/gD interaction in recruiting gD to the NM. The effects of UL34 on gD and gM localization were not a consequence of decreased total expression of gD and gM, as determined by flow cytometry. Separately, pUL31 was dispensable for targeting gD and gM to the two leaflets of the NM but was required for (i) the proper INM-versus-ONM ratio of gD and gM in infected cells and (ii) the presence of electron-dense regions in the INM, representing nucleocapsid budding sites. We conclude that in addition to their roles in nucleocapsid envelopment and lamina alteration, UL31 and UL34 play separate but related roles in recruiting appropriate components to nucleocapsid budding sites at the INM.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, New York State College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850. Phone: (607) 253-3391. Fax: (607) 253-3384. E-mail: jdb11{at}cornell.edu

{triangledown} Published ahead of print on 11 March 2009.

Journal of Virology, May 2009, p. 4800-4809, Vol. 83, No. 10
0022-538X/09/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JVI.02431-08
Copyright © 2009, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



This article has been cited by other articles:

  • Zhang, J., Nagel, C.-H., Sodeik, B., Lippe, R. (2009). Early, Active, and Specific Localization of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 gM to Nuclear Membranes. J. Virol. 83: 12984-12997 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Wright, C. C., Wisner, T. W., Hannah, B. P., Eisenberg, R. J., Cohen, G. H., Johnson, D. C. (2009). Fusion between Perinuclear Virions and the Outer Nuclear Membrane Requires the Fusogenic Activity of Herpes Simplex Virus gB. J. Virol. 83: 11847-11856 [Abstract] [Full Text]  


Copyright © 2010 by the American Society for Microbiology.   For an alternate route to Journals.ASM.org, visit: http://intl-journals.asm.org | More Info»