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Journal of Virology, January 2009, p. 241-249, Vol. 83, No. 1
0022-538X/09/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JVI.01407-08
Copyright © 2009, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Role of Thiol/Disulfide Exchange in Newcastle Disease Virus Entry{triangledown}

Surbhi Jain, Lori W. McGinnes, and Trudy G. Morrison*

Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 Lake Avenue North, Worcester, Massachusetts 01655

Received 7 July 2008/ Accepted 26 September 2008

Newcastle disease virus (NDV) entry into host cells is mediated by the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) and fusion (F) glycoproteins. We previously showed that production of free thiols in F protein is required for membrane fusion directed by F protein (S. Jain et al., J. Virol. 81:2328-2339, 2007). In the present study we evaluated the oxidation state of F protein in virions and virus-like particles and its relationship to activation of F protein by HN protein, F protein conformational intermediates, and virus-cell fusion. F protein, in particles, does not have free thiols, but free thiols were produced upon binding of particles to target cells. Free thiols were produced at 16°C in F protein in virions bound to the target cells. They also appeared in different fusion defective mutant F proteins. Free thiols were produced in the presence of mutant HN proteins that are defective in F protein activation but are attachment competent. These results suggest that free thiols appear prior to any of the proposed major conformational changes in F protein which accompany fusion activation. These results also indicate that HN protein binding to its receptor likely facilitates the interaction between F protein and host cell isomerases, leading to reduction of disulfide bonds in F protein. Taken together, these results show that free thiols are produced in F protein at a very early stage during the onset of fusion and that the production of free thiols is required for fusion in addition to activation by HN protein.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 Lake Avenue North, Worcester, MA 01655. Phone: (508) 856-6592. Fax: (508) 856-5920. E-mail: trudy.morrison{at}umassmed.edu

{triangledown} Published ahead of print on 15 October 2008.

Journal of Virology, January 2009, p. 241-249, Vol. 83, No. 1
0022-538X/09/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JVI.01407-08
Copyright © 2009, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.





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