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Journal of Virology, May 2008, p. 4320-4330, Vol. 82, No. 9
0022-538X/08/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JVI.01819-07
Copyright © 2008, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Proteomic Studies Reveal Coordinated Changes in T-Cell Expression Patterns upon Infection with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 ^,

Jeffrey H. Ringrose,^1, Rienk E. Jeeninga,¹ Ben Berkhout,¹ and Dave Speijer^2*

Laboratory of Experimental Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Center for Infection and Immunity Amsterdam,¹ Clinical Proteomics Group, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands²

Received 19 August 2007/ Accepted 8 February 2008

We performed an extensive two-dimensional differential in-gel electrophoresis proteomic analysis of the cellular changes in human T cells upon human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection. We detected 2,000 protein spots, 15% of which were differentially expressed at peak infection. A total of 93 proteins that changed in relative abundance were identified. Of these, 27 were found to be significantly downregulated and 66 were upregulated at peak HIV infection. Early in infection, only a small group of proteins was changed. A clear and consistent program of metabolic rerouting could be seen, in which glycolysis was downregulated and mitochondrial oxidation enhanced. Proteins that participate in apoptotic signaling were also significantly influenced. Apart from these changes, the virus also strongly influenced levels of proteins involved in intracellular transport. These and other results are discussed in light of previous microarray and proteomic studies regarding the impact of HIV-1 infection on cellular mRNA and protein content.

Published ahead of print on 20 February 2008.

Supplemental material for this article may be found at http://jvi.asm.org/.

Present address: Department of Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry, Utrecht University, Sorbonnelaan 16, 3584 CA Utrecht, The Netherlands.