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Journal of Virology, April 2008, p. 4154-4158, Vol. 82, No. 8
0022-538X/08/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JVI.01947-07
Copyright © 2008, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Genital Ulcers Facilitate Rapid Viral Entry and Dissemination following Intravaginal Inoculation with Cell-Associated Simian Immunodeficiency Virus SIVmac239

Andrea M. Weiler,^1, Qingsheng Li,^2, Lijie Duan,² Masahiko Kaizu,¹ Kim L. Weisgrau,³ Thomas C. Friedrich,¹ Matthew R. Reynolds,¹ Ashley T. Haase,² and Eva G. Rakasz^1,3*

AIDS Vaccine Research Laboratory, Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53711,¹ Department of Microbiology, University of Minnesota—Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455,² Immunogenetics and Virology Unit, Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53711³

Received 5 September 2007/ Accepted 5 February 2008

Here we report the results of studies in the simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)-rhesus macaque model of intravaginal transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in the setting of genital ulcerative diseases. We document preferential association of vRNA with induced ulcers during the first days of infection and show that allogeneic cells of the inoculum traffic from the vaginal lumen to lymphatic tissues. This surprisingly rapid systemic dissemination in this cell-associated SIV challenge model thus reveals the challenges of preventing transmission in the setting of genital ulcerative diseases and illustrates the utility of this animal model in tests of strategies aimed at reducing transmission under these conditions.

Published ahead of print on 13 February 2008.

Andrea M. Weiler and Qingsheng Li contributed equally to this study.

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