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Journal of Virology, April 2008, p. 3509-3516, Vol. 82, No. 7
0022-538X/08/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JVI.02646-07
Copyright © 2008, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Novel Mammalian Herpesviruses and Lineages within the Gammaherpesvirinae: Cospeciation and Interspecies Transfer{triangledown}

Bernhard Ehlers,1* Güzin Dural,1 Nezlisah Yasmum,1 Tiziana Lembo,2 Benoit de Thoisy,3 Marie-Pierre Ryser-Degiorgis,4 Rainer G. Ulrich,5 and Duncan J. McGeoch6

P14 Molekulare Genetik und Epidemiologie von Herpesviren, Robert Koch-Institut, D-13353 Berlin, Germany,1 Wildlife and Emerging Diseases Section, Centre for Tropical Veterinary Medicine, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Roslin, Midlothian EH25 9RG, United Kingdom,2 Laboratoire Interactions Hôtes-Virus, Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, B.P. 6010, 97306 Cayenne, French Guiana,3 Centre for Fish and Wildlife Health, Institute of Animal Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Berne, CH-3001 Berne, Switzerland,4 Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Bundesforschungsinstitut für Tiergesundheit, Institut für Neue und Neuartige Tierseuchenerreger, D-17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany,5 Medical Research Council Virology Unit, Institute of Virology, University of Glasgow, Church Street, Glasgow G11 5JR, United Kingdom6

Received 13 December 2007/ Accepted 15 January 2008

Novel members of the subfamily Gammaherpesvirinae, hosted by eight mammalian species from six orders (Primates, Artiodactyla, Perissodactyla, Carnivora, Scandentia, and Eulipotyphla), were discovered using PCR with pan-herpesvirus DNA polymerase (DPOL) gene primers and genus-specific glycoprotein B (gB) gene primers. The gB and DPOL sequences of each virus species were connected by long-distance PCR, and contiguous sequences of approximately 3.4 kbp were compiled. Six additional gammaherpesviruses from four mammalian host orders (Artiodactyla, Perissodactyla, Primates, and Proboscidea), for which only short DPOL sequences were known, were analyzed in the same manner. Together with available corresponding sequences for 31 other gammaherpesviruses, alignments of encoded amino acid sequences were made and used for phylogenetic analyses by maximum-likelihood and Bayesian Monte Carlo Markov chain methods to derive a tree which contained two major loci of unresolved branching details. The tree was rooted by parallel analyses that included alpha- and betaherpesvirus sequences. This gammaherpesvirus tree contains 11 major lineages and presents the widest view to date of phylogenetic relationships in any subfamily of the Herpesviridae, as well as the most complex in the number of deep lineages. The tree's branching pattern can be interpreted only in part in terms of the cospeciation of virus and host lineages, and a substantial incidence of the interspecies transfer of viruses must also be invoked.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Robert Koch-Institut, Nordufer 20, D-13353 Berlin, Germany. Phone: 4918887542347. Fax: 4918887542598. E-mail: ehlersb{at}rki.de

{triangledown} Published ahead of print on 23 January 2008.

Journal of Virology, April 2008, p. 3509-3516, Vol. 82, No. 7
0022-538X/08/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JVI.02646-07
Copyright © 2008, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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