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Journal of Virology, March 2008, p. 2079-2088, Vol. 82, No. 5
0022-538X/08/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JVI.02200-07
Copyright © 2008, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Structure of Antibody-Neutralized Murine Norovirus and Unexpected Differences from Viruslike Particles

Umesh Katpally,¹ Christiane E. Wobus,^2, Kelly Dryden,³ Herbert W. Virgin IV,² and Thomas J. Smith^1*

Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, Saint Louis, Missouri 63132,¹ Department of Pathology and Immunology and Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri 63110,² Department of Cell Biology, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037³

Received 8 October 2007/ Accepted 7 December 2007

Noroviruses (family Caliciviridae) are the major cause of epidemic nonbacterial gastroenteritis in humans, but the mechanism of antibody neutralization is unknown and no structure of an infectious virion has been reported. Murine norovirus (MNV) is the only norovirus that can be grown in tissue culture, studied in an animal model, and reverse engineered via an infectious clone and to which neutralizing antibodies have been isolated. Presented here are the cryoelectron microscopy structures of an MNV virion and the virion in complex with neutralizing Fab fragments. The most striking differences between MNV and previous calicivirus structures are that the protruding domain is lifted off the shell domain by 16Å and rotated 40° in a clockwise fashion and forms new interactions at the P1 base that create a cagelike structure engulfing the shell domains. Neutralizing Fab fragments cover the outer surface of each copy of the capsid protein P2 domains without causing any apparent conformational changes. These unique features of MNV suggest that at least some caliciviruses undergo a capsid maturation process akin to that observed with other plant and bacterial viruses.

Published ahead of print on 19 December 2007.

Present address: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0620.

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