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Journal of Virology, February 2008, p. 1628-1637, Vol. 82, No. 4
0022-538X/08/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JVI.01754-07
Copyright © 2008, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Equine Infectious Anemia Virus Entry Occurs through Clathrin-Mediated Endocytosis{triangledown}

Melinda A. Brindley and Wendy Maury*

Department of Microbiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242

Received 10 August 2007/ Accepted 26 November 2007

Entry of wild-type lentivirus equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV) into cells requires a low-pH step. This low-pH constraint implicates endocytosis in EIAV entry. To identify the endocytic pathway involved in EIAV entry, we examined the entry requirements for EIAV into two different cells: equine dermal (ED) cells and primary equine endothelial cells. We investigated the entry mechanism of several strains of EIAV and found that both macrophage-tropic and tissue culture-adapted strains utilize clathrin-coated pits for entry. In contrast, a superinfecting strain of EIAV, EIAVvMA-1c, utilizes two mechanisms of entry. In cells such as ED cells that EIAVvMA-1c is able to superinfect, viral entry is pH independent and appears to be mediated by plasma membrane fusion, whereas in cells where no detectable superinfection occurs, EIAVvMA-1c entry that is low-pH dependent occurs through clathrin-coated pits in a manner similar to wild-type virus. Regardless of the mechanism of entry being utilized, the internalization kinetics of EIAV is rapid with 50% of cell-associated virions internalizing within 60 to 90 min. Cathepsin inhibitors did not prevent EIAV entry, suggesting that the low-pH step required by wild-type EIAV is not required to activate cellular cathepsins.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: 3-612 Bowen Science Bldg., Dept. Microbiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242. Phone: (319) 335-8021. Fax: (319) 335-9006. E-mail: wendy-maury{at}uiowa.edu

{triangledown} Published ahead of print on 5 December 2007.

Journal of Virology, February 2008, p. 1628-1637, Vol. 82, No. 4
0022-538X/08/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JVI.01754-07
Copyright © 2008, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



This article has been cited by other articles:

  • Johannsdottir, H. K., Mancini, R., Kartenbeck, J., Amato, L., Helenius, A. (2009). Host Cell Factors and Functions Involved in Vesicular Stomatitis Virus Entry. J. Virol. 83: 440-453 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Brindley, M. A., Zhang, B., Montelaro, R. C., Maury, W. (2008). An Equine Infectious Anemia Virus Variant Superinfects Cells through Novel Receptor Interactions. J. Virol. 82: 9425-9432 [Abstract] [Full Text]  


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