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Journal of Virology, December 2008, p. 11976-11978, Vol. 82, No. 23
0022-538X/08/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JVI.01028-08
Copyright © 2008, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Coxsackievirus B4 Uses Autophagy for Replication after Calpain Activation in Rat Primary Neurons {triangledown}

Seung Yong Yoon,1,3,{dagger} Young Eun Ha,4,5,{dagger} Jung Eun Choi,1,3 Jeonghyun Ahn,2,3 Heuiran Lee,2,3 Hee-Seok Kweon,6 Jee-Young Lee,6 and Dong Hou Kim1,3*

Departments of Anatomy and Cell Biology,1 Microbiology,2 Research Institute for Biomacromolecules, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan,3 Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center,4 Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul,5 Division of Electron Microscopic Research, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon, South Korea6

Received 15 May 2008/ Accepted 3 September 2008

Coxsackievirus is the most important cause of meningitis and encephalitis in infants; an infection is sometimes fatal or may lead to neurodevelopmental defects. Here, we show that coxsackievirus B4 (CVB4) induces an autophagy pathway for replication in rat primary neurons. Notably, calpain inhibitors reduce autophagosome formation. Conversely, the inhibition of the autophagy pathway with 3-methyladenine inhibits calpain activation. This work reveals, for the first time, that calpain is essential for the autophagy pathway and viral replication in CVB4-infected neurons.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 388-1 PoongNap-Dong, SongPa-Gu, Seoul 138-736, South Korea. Phone: 82-2-3010-4272. Fax: 82-2-3010-4293. E-mail: dhkim{at}amc.seoul.kr

{triangledown} Published ahead of print on 17 September 2008.

{dagger} S.Y.Y. and Y.E.H. contributed equally to this work.

Journal of Virology, December 2008, p. 11976-11978, Vol. 82, No. 23
0022-538X/08/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JVI.01028-08
Copyright © 2008, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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