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Journal of Virology, October 2008, p. 9425-9432, Vol. 82, No. 19
0022-538X/08/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JVI.01142-08
Copyright © 2008, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

An Equine Infectious Anemia Virus Variant Superinfects Cells through Novel Receptor Interactions {triangledown}

Melinda A. Brindley,1 Baoshan Zhang,2 Ronald C. Montelaro,2 and Wendy Maury1*

Department of Microbiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242,1 Center for Vaccine Research, Department of Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 152612

Received 30 May 2008/ Accepted 21 July 2008

Wild-type strains of equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV) prevent superinfection of previously infected cells. A variant strain of virus that spontaneously arose during passage, EIAVvMA-1c, can circumvent this mechanism in some cells, such as equine dermis (ED) cells, but not in others, such as equine endothelial cells. EIAVvMA-1c superinfection of ED cells results in a buildup of unintegrated viral DNA and rapid killing of the cell monolayer. Here, we examined the mechanism of resistance that is used by EIAV to prevent superinfection and explored the means by which EIAVvMA-1c overcomes this restriction. We found that the cellular receptor used by EIAV, equine lentivirus receptor 1 (ELR1), remains on the surface of cells chronically infected with EIAV, suggesting that wild-type EIAV interferes with superinfection by masking ELR1. The addition of soluble wild-type SU protein to the medium during infection blocked infection by wild-type strains of virus, implicating SU as the viral protein responsible for interfering with virion entry into previously infected cells. Additionally, interference of wild-type EIAV binding to ELR1 by the addition of either anti-ELR1 antibodies or the ELR1 ectodomain prevented entry of the wild-type strains of EIAV into two permissive cell populations. Many of these same interference treatments prevented EIAVvMA-1c infection of endothelial cells but only modestly affected the ability of EIAVvMA-1c to enter and kill previously infected ED cells. These findings indicate that EIAVvMA-1c retains the ability to use ELR1 for entry and suggest that this virus can interact with an additional, unidentified receptor to superinfect ED cells.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: 3-612 Bowen Science Bldg., Dept. Microbiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242. Phone: (319) 335-8021. Fax: (319) 335-9006. E-mail: wendy-maury{at}uiowa.edu

{triangledown} Published ahead of print on July 30 2008.

Journal of Virology, October 2008, p. 9425-9432, Vol. 82, No. 19
0022-538X/08/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JVI.01142-08
Copyright © 2008, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.





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