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Journal of Virology, July 2008, p. 6697-6710, Vol. 82, No. 13
0022-538X/08/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JVI.00212-08
Copyright © 2008, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

A Single Banana Streak Virus Integration Event in the Banana Genome as the Origin of Infectious Endogenous Pararetrovirus

Philippe Gayral,¹ Juan-Carlos Noa-Carrazana,^2, Magali Lescot,^2, Fabrice Lheureux,¹ Benham E. L. Lockhart,³ Takashi Matsumoto,⁴ Pietro Piffanelli,^2, and Marie-Line Iskra-Caruana^1*

CIRAD BIOS, UMR Biologie et Génétique des Interactions Plante-Parasite, TA 4-54/K Campus international de Baillarguet, F-34398 Montpellier Cedex 5, France,¹ CIRAD BIOS, UMR Développement et Amélioration des Plantes, Avenue Agropolis, TA40/03, FR-34398, Montpellier Cedex 5, France,² Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108,³ Plant Genome Research Unit, Division of Genome and Biodiversity Research National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences 2-1-2, Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8602, Japan⁴

Received 30 January 2008/ Accepted 7 April 2008

Sequencing of plant nuclear genomes reveals the widespread presence of integrated viral sequences known as endogenous pararetroviruses (EPRVs). Banana is one of the three plant species known to harbor infectious EPRVs. Musa balbisiana carries integrated copies of Banana streak virus (BSV), which are infectious by releasing virions in interspecific hybrids. Here, we analyze the organization of the EPRV of BSV Goldfinger (BSGfV) present in the wild diploid M. balbisiana cv. Pisang Klutuk Wulung (PKW) revealed by the study of Musa bacterial artificial chromosome resources and interspecific genetic cross. cv. PKW contains two similar EPRVs of BSGfV. Genotyping of these integrants and studies of their segregation pattern show an allelic insertion. Despite the fact that integrated BSGfV has undergone extensive rearrangement, both EPRVs contain the full-length viral genome. The high degree of sequence conservation between the integrated and episomal form of the virus indicates a recent integration event; however, only one allele is infectious. Analysis of BSGfV EPRV segregation among an F1 population from an interspecific genetic cross revealed that these EPRV sequences correspond to two alleles originating from a single integration event. We describe here for the first time the full genomic and genetic organization of the two EPRVs of BSGfV present in cv. PKW in response to the challenge facing both scientists and breeders to identify and generate genetic resources free from BSV. We discuss the consequences of this unique host-pathogen interaction in terms of genetic and genomic plant defenses versus strategies of infectious BSGfV EPRVs.

Published ahead of print on 16 April 2008.

Present address: Laboratorio Instituto de Biotecnología y Ecología Aplicada, Universidad Veracruzana, Av. Culturas Veracruzanas No 101, Col E, Zapata CP 91090, Xalapa, Ver., Mexico.

Present address: Structural and Genomic Information Laboratory, CNRS UPR 2589, Institute of Structural Biology and Microbiology, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, 163 Avenue de Luminy, FR-13288 Marseille Cedex 9, France.

Present address: Rice Genomics Group, AgBiotech Research Centre, Parco Tecnologico Padano, Via Einstein, Località Cascina Codazza, 26900 Lodi, Italy.