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Journal of Virology, April 2007, p. 3162-3169, Vol. 81, No. 7
0022-538X/07/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JVI.02356-06
Copyright © 2007, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Scavenger Receptor BI and BII Expression Levels Modulate Hepatitis C Virus Infectivity

Division of Immunity and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom,¹ INSERM U551, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, Dyslipoproteinemia and Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Hôpital de la Pitié, Paris, France,² Center for Vaccinology, Ghent University and Hospital, Building A, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, Belgium,³ Royal Free and University College Medical School, University College London, London NW3 2PF, United Kingdom⁴

Received 27 October 2006/ Accepted 3 January 2007

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) enters cells via a pH- and clathrin-dependent endocytic pathway. Scavenger receptor BI (SR-BI) and CD81 are important entry factors for HCV internalization into target cells. The SR-BI gene gives rise to at least two mRNA splice variants, SR-BI and SR-BII, which differ in their C termini. SR-BI internalization remains poorly understood, but SR-BII is reported to endocytose via a clathrin-dependent pathway, making it an attractive target for HCV internalization. We demonstrate that HCV soluble E2 can interact with human SR-BI and SR-BII. Increased expression of SR-BI and SR-BII in the Huh-7.5 hepatoma cell line enhanced HCV strain J6/JFH and JFH infectivity, suggesting that endogenous levels of these receptors limit infection. Elevated expression of SR-BI, but not SR-BII, increased the rate of J6/JFH infection, which may reflect altered intracellular trafficking of the splice variants. In human plasma, HCV particles have been reported to be complexed with lipoproteins, suggesting an indirect interaction of the virus with SR-BI and other lipoprotein receptors. Plasma from J6/JFH-infected uPA-SCID mice transplanted with human hepatocytes demonstrates an increased infectivity for SR-BI/II-overexpressing Huh-7.5 cells. Plasma-derived J6/JFH infectivity was inhibited by an anti-E2 monoclonal antibody, suggesting that plasma virus interaction with SR-BI was glycoprotein dependent. Finally, anti-SR-BI antibodies inhibited the infectivity of cell culture- and plasma-derived J6/JFH, suggesting a critical role for SR-BI/II in HCV infection.

Published ahead of print on 10 January 2007.

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