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Journal of Virology, March 2007, p. 2909-2922, Vol. 81, No. 6
0022-538X/07/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JVI.01413-06
Copyright © 2007, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

The C-Terminal Portion of the Hrs Protein Interacts with Tsg101 and Interferes with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Gag Particle Production{triangledown}

Fadila Bouamr,1,2,{dagger} Brian R. Houck-Loomis,1 Martha De Los Santos,3 Rebecca J. Casaday,2 Marc C. Johnson,4 and Stephen P. Goff1,3*

Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York,1 Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland,2 Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York, New York,3 Cornell University, Ithaca, New York4

Received 5 July 2006/ Accepted 13 December 2006

The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) Gag protein recruits Tsg101 to facilitate HIV-1 particle budding and release. In uninfected cells, the Hrs protein recruits the ESCRT-I complex to the endosome, also through an interaction with Tsg101, to promote the sorting of host proteins into endosomal vesicles and multivesicular bodies. Here, we show that the overexpression of the C-terminal fragment of Hrs (residues 391 to 777) or Hrs mutants lacking either the N-terminal FYVE domain (mutant dFYVE) or the PSAP (residues 348 to 351) motif (mutant ASAA) all efficiently inhibit HIV-1 Gag particle production. Expression of the dFYVE or ASAA mutants of Hrs had no effect on the release of Moloney murine leukemia virus. Coimmunoprecipitation analysis showed that the expression of Hrs mutant dFYVE or ASAA significantly reduced or abolished the HIV-1 Gag-Tsg101 interaction. Yeast-two hybrid assays were used to identify two new and independent Tsg101 binding sites, one in the Hrs coiled-coil domain and one in the proline/glutamic acid-rich domain. Scanning electron microscopy of HeLa cells expressing HIV-1 Gag and the Hrs ASAA mutant showed viral particles arrested in "lump-like" structures that remained attached to the cell surface. Together, these data indicate that fragments of Hrs containing the C-terminal portion of the protein can potently inhibit HIV-1 particle release by efficiently sequestering Tsg101 away from the Gag polyprotein.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032. Phone: (212) 305-3794. Fax: (212) 305-5106. E-mail: goff{at}cancercenter.columbia.edu.

{triangledown} Published ahead of print on 20 December 2006.

{dagger} Present address: Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, NIAID, NIH, 4 Center Drive, Building 4, Room 337-339, Bethesda, MD 20892.

Journal of Virology, March 2007, p. 2909-2922, Vol. 81, No. 6
0022-538X/07/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JVI.01413-06
Copyright © 2007, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.





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