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Journal of Virology, March 2007, p. 2624-2634, Vol. 81, No. 6
0022-538X/07/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JVI.01912-06
Copyright © 2007, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

The Antiviral Efficacy of Simian Immunodeficiency Virus-Specific CD8+ T Cells Is Unrelated to Epitope Specificity and Is Abrogated by Viral Escape{triangledown}

John T. Loffredo,1 Benjamin J. Burwitz,1 Eva G. Rakasz,1 Sean P. Spencer,1 Jason J. Stephany,1 Juan Pablo Giraldo Vela,1,2 Sarah R. Martin,2 Jason Reed,1 Shari M. Piaskowski,2 Jessica Furlott,1 Kim L. Weisgrau,1 Denise S. Rodrigues,1,3 Taeko Soma,1 Gnankang Napoé,1 Thomas C. Friedrich,1 Nancy A. Wilson,1 Esper G. Kallas,3 and David I. Watkins1,2*

Wisconsin National Primate Research Center,1 Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53715,2 Division of Infectious Diseases, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil3

Received 1 September 2006/ Accepted 16 December 2006

CD8+ T lymphocytes appear to play a role in controlling human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) replication, yet routine immunological assays do not measure the antiviral efficacy of these cells. Furthermore, it has been suggested that CD8+ T cells that recognize epitopes derived from proteins expressed early in the viral replication cycle can be highly efficient. We used a functional in vitro assay to assess the abilities of different epitope-specific CD8+ T-cell lines to control simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) replication. We compared the antiviral efficacies of 26 epitope-specific CD8+ T-cell lines directed against seven SIV epitopes in Tat, Nef, Gag, Env, and Vif that were restricted by either Mamu-A*01 or Mamu-A*02. Suppression of SIV replication varied depending on the epitope specificities of the CD8+ T cells and was unrelated to whether the targeted epitope was derived from an early or late viral protein. Tat28-35SL8- and Gag181-189CM9-specific CD8+ T-cell lines were consistently superior at suppressing viral replication compared to the other five SIV-specific CD8+ T-cell lines. We also investigated the impact of viral escape on antiviral efficacy by determining if Tat28-35SL8- and Gag181-189CM9-specific CD8+ T-cell lines could suppress the replication of an escaped virus. Viral escape abrogated the abilities of Tat28-35SL8- and Gag181-189CM9-specific CD8+ T cells to control viral replication. However, gamma interferon (IFN-{gamma}) enzyme-linked immunospot and IFN-{gamma}/tumor necrosis factor alpha intracellular-cytokine-staining assays detected cross-reactive immune responses against the Gag escape variant. Understanding antiviral efficacy and epitope variability, therefore, will be important in selecting candidate epitopes for an HIV vaccine.


* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 555 Science Dr., Madison, WI 53711. Phone: (608) 265-3380. Fax: (608) 265-8084. E-mail: watkins{at}primate.wisc.edu.

{triangledown} Published ahead of print on 27 December 2006.


Journal of Virology, March 2007, p. 2624-2634, Vol. 81, No. 6
0022-538X/07/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JVI.01912-06
Copyright © 2007, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.




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