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Journal of Virology, March 2007, p. 2382-2390, Vol. 81, No. 5
0022-538X/07/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JVI.01622-06
Copyright © 2007, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Evolutionary History and Global Spread of the Emerging G12 Human Rotaviruses{triangledown} ,{dagger}

Mustafizur Rahman,1,2 Jelle Matthijnssens,1 Xuelei Yang,1 Thomas Delbeke,1 Ingrid Arijs,1 Koki Taniguchi,3 Miren Iturriza-Gómara,4 Nadia Iftekharuddin,2 Tasnim Azim,2 and Marc Van Ranst1*

Laboratory of Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium,1 Laboratory of Virology, ICDDR,B, GPO Box 128, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh,2 Department of Virology and Parasitology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192, Japan,3 Enteric and Respiratory Virus Laboratory, Virus Reference Division, Central Public Health Laboratory, Colindale, London NW9 5HT, United Kingdom4

Received 28 July 2006/ Accepted 1 December 2006

G12 rotaviruses were first detected in diarrheic children in the Philippines in 1987, but no further cases were reported until 1998. However, G12 rotaviruses have been detected all over the world in recent years. Here, we report the worldwide variations of G12 rotaviruses to investigate the evolutionary mechanisms by which they managed to spread globally in a short period of time. We sequenced the complete genomes (11 segments) of nine G12 rotaviruses isolated in Bangladesh, Belgium, Thailand, and the Philippines and compared them with the genomes of other rotavirus strains. Our genetic analyses revealed that after introduction of the VP7 gene of the rare G12 genotype into more common local strains through reassortment, a vast genetic diversity was generated and several new variants with distinct gene constellations emerged. These reassortment events most likely took place in Southeast Asian countries and spread to other parts of the world. The acquirement of gene segments from human-adapted rotaviruses might allow G12 to better propagate in humans and hence to develop into an important emerging human pathogen.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Laboratory of Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Minderbroedersstraat 10, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium. Phone: 32-16-347908. Fax: 32-16-332131. E-mail: marc.vanranst{at}uz.kuleuven.ac.be.

{triangledown} Published ahead of print on 13 December 2006.

{dagger} Supplemental material for this article may be found at http://jvi.asm.org/.

Journal of Virology, March 2007, p. 2382-2390, Vol. 81, No. 5
0022-538X/07/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JVI.01622-06
Copyright © 2007, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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