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Journal of Virology, February 2007, p. 1972-1979, Vol. 81, No. 4
0022-538X/07/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JVI.01990-06
Copyright © 2007, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Long-Lasting Decrease in Viremia in Macaques Chronically Infected with Simian Immunodeficiency Virus SIVmac251 after Therapeutic DNA Immunization{triangledown}

Agneta S. von Gegerfelt,1 Margherita Rosati,1 Candido Alicea,2 Antonio Valentin,1 Patricia Roth,1 Jenifer Bear,2 Genoveffa Franchini,3 Paul S. Albert,4 Norbert Bischofberger,5 Jean D. Boyer,6 David B. Weiner,6 Phillip Markham,7 Zimra R. Israel,8 John H. Eldridge,8 George N. Pavlakis,1* and Barbara K. Felber2

Human Retrovirus Section,1 Human Retrovirus Pathogenesis Section, Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, Maryland 21702,2 Animal Models and Retroviral Vaccines Section, Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research,3 Biometric Research Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892,4 Gilead Sciences, Foster City, California 94404,5 Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104,6 Advanced BioSciences Laboratories, Inc., Kensington, Maryland 20895,7 Wyeth Vaccines Research, Pearl River, New York 109658

Received 12 September 2006/ Accepted 20 November 2006

Rhesus macaques chronically infected with highly pathogenic simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) SIVmac251 were treated with antiretroviral drugs and vaccinated with combinations of DNA vectors expressing SIV antigens. Vaccination during therapy increased cellular immune responses. After the animals were released from therapy, the virus levels of 12 immunized animals were significantly lower (P = 0.001) compared to those of 11 animals treated with only antiretroviral drugs. Vaccinated animals showed a persistent increase in immune responses, thus indicating both a virological and an immunological benefit following DNA therapeutic vaccination. Several animals show a long-lasting decrease in viremia, suggesting that therapeutic vaccination may provide an additional benefit to antiretroviral therapy.

* Correspondence author. Mailing address: Human Retroviruses Section, Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, 1050 Boyles Street, Building 535, Room 210, Frederick, MD 21702-1201. Phone: (301) 846-1475. Fax: (301) 846-7146. E-mail: pavlakis{at}ncifcrf.gov.

{triangledown} Published ahead of print on 29 November 2006.

Journal of Virology, February 2007, p. 1972-1979, Vol. 81, No. 4
0022-538X/07/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JVI.01990-06
Copyright © 2007, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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