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Journal of Virology, December 2007, p. 13889-13903, Vol. 81, No. 24
0022-538X/07/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JVI.01231-07
Copyright © 2007, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Contribution of Endocytic Motifs in the Cytoplasmic Tail of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Glycoprotein B to Virus Replication and Cell-Cell Fusion{triangledown}

Igor Beitia Ortiz de Zarate,1,{dagger} Lilia Cantero-Aguilar,1 Magalie Longo,1 Clarisse Berlioz-Torrent,2,3 and Flore Rozenberg1*

Université Paris 5, Faculté de Médecine René Descartes, UM3 Paris, F-75014 France,1 Institut Cochin, Université Paris Descartes, CNRS (UMR 8104), Paris, France,2 INSERM, U567, Paris, France3

Received 5 June 2007/ Accepted 26 September 2007

The use of endocytic pathways by viral glycoproteins is thought to play various functions during viral infection. We previously showed in transfection assays that herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) glycoprotein B (gB) is transported from the cell surface back to the trans-Golgi network (TGN) and that two motifs of gB cytoplasmic tail, YTQV and LL, function distinctly in this process. To investigate the role of each of these gB trafficking signals in HSV-1 infection, we constructed recombinant viruses in which each motif was rendered nonfunctional by alanine mutagenesis. In infected cells, wild-type gB was internalized from the cell surface and concentrated in the TGN. Disruption of YTQV abolished internalization of gB during infection, whereas disruption of LL induced accumulation of internalized gB in early recycling endosomes and impaired its return to the TGN. The growth of both recombinants was moderately diminished. Moreover, the fusion phenotype of cells infected with the gB recombinants differed from that of cells infected with the wild-type virus. Cells infected with the YTQV-mutated virus displayed reduced cell-cell fusion, whereas giant syncytia were observed in cells infected with the LL-mutated virus. Furthermore, blocking gB internalization or impairing gB recycling to the cell surface, using drugs or a transdominant negative form of Rab11, significantly reduced cell-cell fusion. These results favor a role for endocytosis in virus replication and suggest that gB intracellular trafficking is involved in the regulation of cell-cell fusion.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Bâtiment Gustave Roussy, 6è Étage, Porte 636, Hôpital Cochin, 27 Rue du Faubourg Saint Jacques, 75014 Paris, France. Phone: 33(0)1 44 41 23 48. Fax: 33(0)1 40 48 83 51. E-mail: flore.rozenberg{at}cochin.univ-paris5.fr

{triangledown} Published ahead of print on 3 October 2007.

{dagger} Present address: GIS-Institut des Maladies Rares, 102 Rue Didot, 75014 Paris, France.

Journal of Virology, December 2007, p. 13889-13903, Vol. 81, No. 24
0022-538X/07/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JVI.01231-07
Copyright © 2007, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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