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Journal of Virology, January 2007, p. 1013-1021, Vol. 81, No. 2
0022-538X/07/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JVI.00584-06
Copyright © 2007, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Analysis of a New Human Parechovirus Allows the Definition of Parechovirus Types and the Identification of RNA Structural Domains{triangledown}

Mohammed Al-Sunaidi,1,{dagger} Çigdem H. Williams,1,{dagger} Pamela J. Hughes,1 David P. Schnurr,2 and Glyn Stanway1*

Department of Biological Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester CO4 3SQ, United Kingdom,1 California Department of Health Services, Richmond, California2

Received 23 March 2006/ Accepted 15 September 2006

Human parechoviruses (HPeV), members of the Parechovirus genus of Picornaviridae, are frequent pathogens but have been comparatively poorly studied, and little is known of their diversity, evolution, and molecular biology. To increase the amount of information available, we have analyzed 7 HPeV strains isolated in California between 1973 and 1992. We found that, on the basis of VP1 sequences, these fall into two genetic groups, one of which has not been previously observed, bringing the number of known groups to five. While these correlate partly with the three known serotypes, two members of the HPeV2 serotype belong to different genetic groups. In view of the growing importance of molecular techniques in diagnosis, we suggest that genotype is an important criterion for identifying viruses, and we propose that the genetic groups we have defined should be termed human parechovirus types 1 to 5. Complete nucleotide sequence analysis of two of the Californian isolates, representing two types, confirmed the identification of a new genetic group and suggested a role for recombination in parechovirus evolution. It also allowed the identification of a putative HPeV1 cis-acting replication element, which is located in the VP0 coding region, as well as the refinement of previously predicted 5' and 3' untranslated region structures. Thus, the results have significantly improved our understanding of these common pathogens.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Biological Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester CO4 3SQ, United Kingdom. Phone: 44 1206 873308. Fax: 44 1206 872592. E-mail: stanwg{at}essex.ac.uk.

{triangledown} Published ahead of print on 27 September 2006.

{dagger} M.A.-S. and C.H.W. contributed equally to this work.

Journal of Virology, January 2007, p. 1013-1021, Vol. 81, No. 2
0022-538X/07/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JVI.00584-06
Copyright © 2007, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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