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Journal of Virology, October 2007, p. 10588-10596, Vol. 81, No. 19
0022-538X/07/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JVI.02489-06
Copyright © 2007, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Induction of Antiviral Cytidine Deaminases Does Not Explain the Inhibition of Hepatitis B Virus Replication by Interferons

Stéphanie Jost,¹ Priscilla Turelli,¹ Bastien Mangeat,^1, Ulrike Protzer,² and Didier Trono^1*

School of Life Sciences and Frontiers in Genetics National Center for Competence in Research, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland,¹ Molecular Infectiology at the Center for Molecular Medicine, Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany²

Received 13 November 2006/ Accepted 13 July 2007

Interferons (IFNs) play a major role in the control of hepatitis B virus (HBV), whether as endogenous cytokines limiting the spread of the virus during the acute phase of the infection or as drugs for the treatment of its chronic phase. However, the mechanism by which IFNs inhibit HBV replication has so far remained elusive. Here, we show that type I and II IFN treatment of human hepatocytes induces the production of APOBEC3G (A3G) and, to a lesser extent, that of APOBEC3F (A3F) and APOBEC3B (A3B) but not that of two other cytidine deaminases also endowed with anti-HBV activity, activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID), and APOBEC1. Most importantly, we reveal that blocking A3B, A3F, and A3G by combining RNA interference and the virion infectivity factor (Vif) protein of human immunodeficiency virus does not abrogate the inhibitory effect of IFNs on HBV. We conclude that these cytidine deaminases are not essential effectors of IFN in its action against this pathogen.

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* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. Phone: 41 21 693 1751. Fax: 41 21 693 1635. E-mail: didier.trono{at}epfl.ch

Published ahead of print on 25 July 2007.

Present address: Departments of Dermatology and Venerology, University Hospital, and of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.

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Journal of Virology, October 2007, p. 10588-10596, Vol. 81, No. 19
0022-538X/07/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JVI.02489-06
Copyright © 2007, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

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