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Journal of Virology, September 2007, p. 9778-9789, Vol. 81, No. 18
0022-538X/07/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JVI.00360-07
Copyright © 2007, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Type I Interferon Inhibition and Dendritic Cell Activation during Gammaherpesvirus Respiratory Infection{triangledown}

Janet L. Weslow-Schmidt,1 Nancy A. Jewell,1 Sara E. Mertz,1 J. Pedro Simas,3 Joan E. Durbin,1,2 and Emilio Flaño1,2*

Center for Vaccines and Immunity, Columbus Children's Research Institute, Columbus Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio 43205,1 The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio,2 Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, and Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, Portugal3

Received 19 February 2007/ Accepted 22 June 2007

The respiratory tract is a major mucosal site for microorganism entry into the body, and type I interferon (IFN) and dendritic cells constitute a first line of defense against viral infections. We have analyzed the interaction between a model DNA virus, plasmacytoid dendritic cells, and type I IFN during lung infection of mice. Our data show that murine gammaherpesvirus 68 ({gamma}HV68) inhibits type I IFN secretion by dendritic cells and that plasmacytoid dendritic cells are necessary for conventional dendritic cell maturation in response to {gamma}HV68. Following {gamma}HV68 intranasal inoculation, the local and systemic IFN-{alpha}/ß response is below detectable levels, and plasmacytoid dendritic cells are activated and recruited into the lung with a tissue distribution that differs from that of conventional dendritic cells. Our results suggest that plasmacytoid dendritic cells and type I IFN have important but independent roles during the early response to a respiratory {gamma}HV68 infection. {gamma}HV68 infection inhibits type I IFN production by dendritic cells and is a poor inducer of IFN-{alpha}/ß in vivo, which may serve as an immune evasion strategy.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Columbus Children's Research Institute, 700 Children's Drive WA4015, Columbus, OH 43205. Phone: (614) 722-2735. Fax: (614) 722-3680. E-mail: flanoe{at}ccri.net

{triangledown} Published ahead of print on 11 July 2007.

Journal of Virology, September 2007, p. 9778-9789, Vol. 81, No. 18
0022-538X/07/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JVI.00360-07
Copyright © 2007, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.





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