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Journal of Virology, September 2007, p. 10201-10206, Vol. 81, No. 18
0022-538X/07/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JVI.00419-07
Copyright © 2007, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Alpha Interferon Enhances TRIM5{alpha}-Mediated Antiviral Activities in Human and Rhesus Monkey Cells{triangledown}

Ryuta Sakuma, Amber A. Mael, and Yasuhiro Ikeda*

Molecular Medicine Program, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota 55905

Received 27 February 2007/ Accepted 25 June 2007

Dominant, constitutively expressed antiretroviral factors, including TRIM5{alpha} and APOBEC3 proteins, are distinguished from the conventional innate immune systems and are classified as intrinsic immunity factors. Here, we demonstrate that interferon alpha (IFN-{alpha}) treatment upregulates TRIM5{alpha} mRNA in rhesus monkey cells, which correlates with the enhanced TRIM5{alpha}-mediated pre- and postintegration blocks of human immunodeficiency virus replication. In human cells, IFN-{alpha} increases the levels of TRIM5{alpha} mRNA, resulting in enhanced antiviral activity against N-tropic murine leukemia virus infection. These observations indicate that the TRIM5{alpha}-mediated antiviral effects can be orchestrated by the conventional innate immune response. It is conceivable that TRIM5{alpha} plays an essential role in controlling both the initial retroviral exposure and the subsequent viral dissemination in vivo.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address; Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Molecular Medicine Program, Guggenheim 18-11c, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905. Phone: (507) 538-0153. Fax: (507) 266-2122. E-mail: ikeda.yasuhiro{at}mayo.edu

{triangledown} Published ahead of print on 3 July 2007.

Journal of Virology, September 2007, p. 10201-10206, Vol. 81, No. 18
0022-538X/07/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JVI.00419-07
Copyright © 2007, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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