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Journal of Virology, August 2007, p. 8157-8164, Vol. 81, No. 15
0022-538X/07/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JVI.00474-07
Copyright © 2007, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Rates of Reactivation of Latent Herpes Simplex Virus from Mouse Trigeminal Ganglia Ex Vivo Correlate Directly with Viral Load and Inversely with Number of Infiltrating CD8+ T Cells{triangledown} ,{dagger}

Yo Hoshino,* Lesley Pesnicak, Jeffrey I. Cohen, and Stephen E. Straus

Medical Virology Section, Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland

Received 6 March 2007/ Accepted 16 May 2007

Herpes simplex viruses (HSV) reactivate at rates proportional to the viral loads in latently infected ganglia. However, these rates vary substantially among infected animals. We assessed whether the numbers of HSV-specific CD8+ T cells infiltrating latently infected ganglia also affect reactivation rates and contribute to their variability. Following corneal infection of mice with HSV type 2 (HSV-2), we quantified the latent viral loads in dissociated trigeminal ganglia by real-time PCR, the numbers of infiltrating CD8+ T cells by flow cytometry, and the rates of reactivation by the detection of cell-free virus released from ganglion cells cultured in 96-well plates. The reactivation rates correlated directly with the latent viral loads (P = 0.001) but did so more strongly (P = 10–7) when cultures were depleted of CD8+ T cells. Reactivation rates were reduced in a dose-dependent fashion by adding back ganglion CD8+ T cells to the cultures (P = 0.003). We related the latent viral loads, numbers of CD8+ T cells, and reactivation rates by mathematical equations. The rates of reactivation predicted from latent viral loads and numbers of infiltrating CD8+ T cells in dissociated ganglia correlated with the observed rates of reactivation (P = 0.04). The reactivation of HSV-2 from ganglia ex vivo is determined both by the latent viral load and the number of infiltrating CD8+ T cells.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Bldg. 10, Room 11N234, 10 Center Dr., Bethesda, MD 20892. Phone: (301) 496-7749. Fax: (301) 496-7383. E-mail: YHoshino{at}niaid.nih.gov

{triangledown} Published ahead of print on 23 May 2007.

{dagger} This paper is dedicated to the memory of Stephen E. Straus, who was our mentor and inspiration for this paper.

Journal of Virology, August 2007, p. 8157-8164, Vol. 81, No. 15
0022-538X/07/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JVI.00474-07
Copyright © 2007, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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