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Journal of Virology, July 2007, p. 7220-7229, Vol. 81, No. 13
0022-538X/07/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JVI.00137-07
Copyright © 2007, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Viral Alteration of Cellular Translational Machinery Increases Defective Ribosomal Products{triangledown}

Peter Berglund, Diana Finzi, Jack R. Bennink, and Jonathan W. Yewdell*

Laboratory of Viral Diseases (LVD), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), Bethesda, Maryland 20892-0440

Received 19 January 2007/ Accepted 12 April 2007

Here we show that cells expressing genes inserted into Semliki Forest virus (SFV) vectors generate a large fraction of defective ribosomal products (DRiPs) due to frequent initiation on downstream Met residues. In monopolizing the host cell translational machinery, SFV reduces levels of translation eukaryotic initiation factor 4E (eIF4E), diminishes phosphorylation of ribosome subunit S6, and phosphorylates translation initiation factor eIF2{alpha}. We show that the last event is required for SFV mistranslation of inserted genes. Downstream initiation is suppressed by fusing inserted genes with the open reading frame encoding the SFV capsid, demonstrating that one function of the capsid element is to enable ribosomes to initiate translation in the proper location. These results show that in modifying translation, viral vectors can unpredictably increase the generation of truncated polypeptides and thereby the DRiP fraction of inserted gene products, which can potentially affect their yield, therapeutic efficacy, and immunogenicity.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Laboratory of Viral Diseases, NIAID, 4 Center Drive, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892-0440. Phone: (301) 406-4202. Fax: (301) 402-7362. E-mail: jyewdell{at}niaid.nih.gov

{triangledown} Published ahead of print on 25 April 2007.

Journal of Virology, July 2007, p. 7220-7229, Vol. 81, No. 13
0022-538X/07/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JVI.00137-07
Copyright © 2007, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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