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Artificial MicroRNA-Mediated Virus Resistance in Plants

Jing Qu,^1,2,3, Jian Ye,^1,2,3, and Rongxiang Fang^1,2*

State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China,¹ National Plant Gene Research Center, Beijing, China,² Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China³

Received 8 November 2006/ Accepted 23 February 2007

RNA silencing in plants is a natural defense system against foreign genetic elements including viruses. This natural antiviral mechanism has been adopted to develop virus-resistant plants through expression of virus-derived double-stranded RNAs or hairpin RNAs, which in turn are processed into small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) by the host's RNA silencing machinery. While these virus-specific siRNAs were shown to be a hallmark of the acquired virus resistance, the functionality of another set of the RNA silencing-related small RNAs, microRNAs (miRNAs), in engineering plant virus resistance has not been extensively explored. Here we show that expression of an artificial miRNA, targeting sequences encoding the silencing suppressor 2b of Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), can efficiently inhibit 2b gene expression and protein suppressor function in transient expression assays and confer on transgenic tobacco plants effective resistance to CMV infection. Moreover, the resistance level conferred by the transgenic miRNA is well correlated to the miRNA expression level. Comparison of the anti-CMV effect of the artificial miRNA to that of a short hairpin RNA-derived small RNA targeting the same site revealed that the miRNA approach is superior to the approach using short hairpin RNA both in transient assays and in transgenic plants. Together, our data demonstrate that expression of virus-specific artificial miRNAs is an effective and predictable new approach to engineering resistance to CMV and, possibly, to other plant viruses as well.

Published ahead of print on 7 March 2007.

J.Q. and J.Y. contributed equally to the study.

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