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Journal of Virology, June 2007, p. 6307-6315, Vol. 81, No. 12
0022-538X/07/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JVI.00441-07
Copyright © 2007, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Pocket Factors Are Unlikely To Play a Major Role in the Life Cycle of Human Rhinovirus{triangledown}

Umesh Katpally and Thomas J. Smith*

Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, 975 North Warson Road, St. Louis, Missouri 63132

Received 1 March 2007/ Accepted 3 April 2007

Human rhinovirus 14 (HRV14) is a member of the rhinovirus genus, which belongs to the picornavirus family, which includes clinically and economically important members, such as poliovirus, foot-and-mouth disease virus, and endomyocarditis virus. Capsid stability plays an important role in the viral infection process, in that it needs to be stable enough to move from cell to cell and yet be able to release its genetic material upon the appropriate environmental cues from the host cell. It has been suggested that certain host cell molecules, "pocket factors," bind to the WIN drug-binding cavity beneath the canyon floor and provide transient stability to a number of the picornaviruses. To directly test this hypothesis, HRV14 was mutated in (V1188M, C1199W, and V1188M/C1199W) and around (S1223G) the drug-binding pocket. Infectivity, limited proteolysis, and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization analyses indicate that filling the drug-binding pocket with bulky side chains is not deleterious to the viral life cycle and lends some stabilization to the capsid. In contrast, studies with the S1223G mutant suggest that this mutation at least partially overcomes WIN drug-mediated inhibition of cell attachment and capsid breathing. Finally, HRV16, which is inherently more stable than HRV14 in a number of respects, was found to "breathe" only at 37°C and did not tolerate stabilizing mutations in the drug-binding cavity. These results suggest that it is the drug-binding cavity itself and not the putative pocket factor that is crucial for the capsid dynamics, which is, in turn, necessary for infection.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, 975 North Warson Road, St. Louis, Missouri 63132. Phone: (314) 587-1451. Fax: (314) 587-1551. E-mail: tsmith{at}danforthcenter.org

{triangledown} Published ahead of print on 11 April 2007.

Journal of Virology, June 2007, p. 6307-6315, Vol. 81, No. 12
0022-538X/07/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JVI.00441-07
Copyright © 2007, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



This article has been cited by other articles:

  • Katpally, U., Fu, T.-M., Freed, D. C., Casimiro, D. R., Smith, T. J. (2009). Antibodies to the Buried N Terminus of Rhinovirus VP4 Exhibit Cross-Serotypic Neutralization. J. Virol. 83: 7040-7048 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Katpally, U., Wobus, C. E., Dryden, K., Virgin, H. W. IV, Smith, T. J. (2008). Structure of Antibody-Neutralized Murine Norovirus and Unexpected Differences from Viruslike Particles. J. Virol. 82: 2079-2088 [Abstract] [Full Text]  


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