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Journal of Virology, June 2007, p. 5872-5881, Vol. 81, No. 11
0022-538X/07/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JVI.02542-06
Copyright © 2007, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1-Associated CD40 Ligand Transactivates B Lymphocytes and Promotes Infection of CD4+ T Cells{triangledown}

Geneviève Martin, Jocelyn Roy, Corinne Barat, Michel Ouellet, Caroline Gilbert, and Michel J. Tremblay*

Research Center in Infectious Diseases, CHUL Research Center, and Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec, Canada

Received 17 November 2006/ Accepted 20 March 2007

Abnormal activation of B lymphocytes is a feature commonly seen in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-infected persons. However, the mechanism(s) responsible for this dysfunction is still poorly understood. Having recently shown that CD40L, the ligand for CD40, is inserted within emerging HIV-1 particles, we hypothesized that the contact between virus-anchored host CD40L and CD40 on the surface of B lymphocytes might result in the activation of this cell type. We report here that CD40L-bearing viruses, but not isogenic virions lacking host-derived CD40L, can induce immunoglobulin G and interleukin-6 production. Furthermore, such viral entities were found to induce B-cell homotypic adhesion. These effects were paralleled at the intracellular level by the nuclear translocation of the ubiquitous transcription factor NF-{kappa}B. The presence of host-derived CD40L within virions resulted in an increased virus attachment to B cells and a more-efficient B-cell-mediated transfer of HIV-1 to autologous CD4+ T lymphocytes. All the above processes were independent of the virus-encoded envelope glycoproteins. Altogether, the data gathered from this series of investigations suggest that the incorporation of host-encoded CD40L in HIV-1 is likely to play a role in the B-cell abnormalities that are seen in infected individuals.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Laboratory of Human Immuno-Retrovirology, Research Center in Infectious Diseases, RC709, CHUL Research Center, 2705 Laurier Blvd, Quebec (QC), Canada G1V 4G2. Phone: (418) 654-2705. Fax: (418) 654-2212. E-mail: michel.j.tremblay{at}crchul.ulaval.ca

{triangledown} Published ahead of print on 28 March 2007.

Journal of Virology, June 2007, p. 5872-5881, Vol. 81, No. 11
0022-538X/07/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JVI.02542-06
Copyright © 2007, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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