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Journal of Virology, January 2007, p. 427-429, Vol. 81, No. 1
0022-538X/07/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JVI.01403-06
Copyright © 2007, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Extremely Rapid Spread of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 BF Recombinants in Argentina{triangledown}

Paula C. Aulicino,1,{dagger} Edward C. Holmes,2,3,{dagger} Carlos Rocco,1 Andrea Mangano,1 and Luisa Sen1*

Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Retrovirus-CONICET, Hospital de Pediatría J. P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina,1 Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, Department of Biology, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802,2 Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 208923

Received 4 July 2006/ Accepted 10 October 2006

The epidemic of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) in Argentina is distinctive in that many infections are caused by subtype BF recombinant viruses. To determine their demographic history, we estimated the evolutionary rate, mode of population growth, and age of genetic diversity among 40 BF vpu sequences. This revealed one of the highest substitution rates reported for HIV-1, at 10.793 x 10–3 substitutions per site per year, and a very rapid rate of population growth, with an initial mean epidemic doubling time of 3.72 months. This rapid population growth is compatible with an elevated fitness for subtype BF compared to that for "pure" B and F viruses.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Retrovirus, Hospital de Pediatría Garrahan, Combate de los Pozos 1881, (1245) Capital Federal, Argentina. Phone: 54 11 4308 1998. Fax: 54 11 4308 5325. E-mail: lsen{at}garrahan.gov.ar.

{triangledown} Published ahead of print on 18 October 2006.

{dagger} Both authors contributed equally to this work.

Journal of Virology, January 2007, p. 427-429, Vol. 81, No. 1
0022-538X/07/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JVI.01403-06
Copyright © 2007, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.





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