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Journal of Virology, April 2006, p. 3666-3669, Vol. 80, No. 7
0022-538X/06/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JVI.80.7.3666-3669.2006
Copyright © 2006, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Phylogenetic Evidence for the Rapid Evolution of Human B19 Erythrovirus

Laura A. Shackelton1 and Edward C. Holmes2*

Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PS, United Kingdom,1 Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, Mueller Laboratory, University Park, Pennsylvania 168022

Received 7 November 2005/ Accepted 13 January 2006

Human B19 erythrovirus is a ubiquitous viral pathogen, commonly infecting individuals before adulthood. As with all autonomous parvoviruses, its small single-stranded DNA genome is replicated with host cell machinery. While the mechanism of parvovirus genome replication has been studied in detail, the rate at which B19 virus evolves is unknown. By inferring the phylogenetic history and evolutionary dynamics of temporally sampled B19 sequences, we observed a surprisingly high rate of evolutionary change, at approximately 10–4 nucleotide substitutions per site per year. This rate is more typical of RNA viruses and suggests that high mutation rates are characteristic of the Parvoviridae.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, Mueller Laboratory, University Park, PA 16802. Phone: (814) 863-4689. Fax: (814) 865-9131. E-mail: ech15{at}psu.edu.

Journal of Virology, April 2006, p. 3666-3669, Vol. 80, No. 7
0022-538X/06/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JVI.80.7.3666-3669.2006
Copyright © 2006, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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