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Journal of Virology, April 2006, p. 3532-3540, Vol. 80, No. 7
0022-538X/06/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JVI.80.7.3532-3540.2006
Copyright © 2006, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Expression of the Interleukin-7 Receptor Alpha Chain (CD127) on Virus-Specific CD8+ T Cells Identifies Functionally and Phenotypically Defined Memory T Cells during Acute Resolving Hepatitis B Virus Infection

Tobias Boettler,{dagger} Elisabeth Panther,{dagger} Bertram Bengsch, Natalja Nazarova, Hans Christian Spangenberg, Hubert E. Blum, and Robert Thimme*

Department of Medicine II, University Hospital, Freiburg, Germany

Received 17 October 2005/ Accepted 13 January 2006

Virus-specific CD8+ T cells play a central role in the outcome of several viral infections, including hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. A key feature of virus-specific CD8+ T cells is the development of memory. The mechanisms resulting in the establishment of T-cell memory are still only poorly understood. It has been suggested that T-cell memory may depend on the survival of virus-specific CD8+ T cells in the contraction phase. Indeed, a population of effector cells that express high levels of the interleukin-7 receptor alpha chain (CD127) as the precursors of memory CD8+ T cells has recently been identified in mice. However, very little information is currently available about the kinetics of CD127 expression in an acute resolving viral infection in humans and its association with disease pathogenesis, viral load, and functional and phenotypical T-cell characteristics. To address these important issues, we analyzed the HBV-specific CD8+ T-cell response longitudinally in a cohort of six patients with acute HBV infection who spontaneously cleared the virus. We observed the emergence of CD127 expression on antigen-specific CD8+ memory T cells during the course of infection. Importantly, the up-regulation of CD127 correlated phenotypically with a loss of CD38 and PD-1 expression and acquisition of CCR7 expression: functionally with an enhanced proliferative capacity and clinically with the decline in serum alanine aminotransferase levels and viral clearance. These results suggest that the expression of CD127 is a marker for the development of functionally and phenotypically defined antigen-specific CD8+ memory T cells in cleared human viral infections.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Medicine II, University Hospital Freiburg, Hugstetter Strasse 55, D-79106 Freiburg, Germany. Phone: 49 761 270 3280. Fax: 49 761 270 3372. E-mail: thimme{at}med1.ukl.uni-freiburg.de.

{dagger} T.B. and E.P. contributed equally to this work.

Journal of Virology, April 2006, p. 3532-3540, Vol. 80, No. 7
0022-538X/06/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JVI.80.7.3532-3540.2006
Copyright © 2006, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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