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Journal of Virology, April 2006, p. 3341-3348, Vol. 80, No. 7
0022-538X/06/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JVI.80.7.3341-3348.2006
Copyright © 2006, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Protein Kinase B/Akt Is Present in Activated Form throughout the Entire Replicative Cycle of {Delta}US3 Mutant Virus but Only at Early Times after Infection with Wild-Type Herpes Simplex Virus 1

Luca Benetti and Bernard Roizman*

The Marjorie B. Kovler Viral Oncology Laboratories, University of Chicago, 910 East 58th Street, Chicago, Illinois 60637

Received 22 November 2005/ Accepted 13 January 2006

The product of the herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) US3 gene is a multifunctional serine-threonine protein kinase that can block apoptosis induced by proapoptotic cellular proteins, exogenous agents, or replication-defective viruses. Earlier studies showed that the US3 kinase activates and functionally overlaps cellular protein kinase A (PKA). In this study we examined the status of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase [PI(3)K] and of its effector, protein kinase B/Akt (PKB/Akt), a component of a major pathway of mammalian antiapoptotic signaling systems. We report the following. (i) Infection of target cells with HSV-1 induces transient phosphorylation of serine 473 of PKB/Akt early in infection, with a mechanism that is dependent on PI(3)K. Inhibition of PI(3)K induced apoptosis in mock-infected or {Delta}US3 mutant-virus-infected but not in wild-type-virus-infected cells and reduced the accumulation of specific viral gene products, including the US3 protein kinase, but had a marginal effect on virus yields. (ii) At later times after infection, the total amounts of PKB/Akt decreased and phosphorylated PKB/Akt forms disappeared in a US3-dependent and protein phosphatase 2A-independent manner. (iii) Activation of PKA by forskolin did not mediate significant dephosphorylation of PKB/Akt. Our results are consistent with the model that PKB/Akt is activated early in infection and acts to block apoptosis in infected cells prior to the accumulation of US3 protein kinase and that it persists and continues to function as an antiapoptotic protein in the absence of US3 but becomes redundant or even inimical once US3 protein kinase accumulates in effective amounts.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: The Marjorie B. Kovler Viral Oncology Laboratories, The University of Chicago, 910 East 58th Street, Chicago, IL 60637. Phone: (773) 702-1898. Fax: (773) 702-1631. E-mail: Bernard.Roizman{at}bsd.uchicago.edu.

Journal of Virology, April 2006, p. 3341-3348, Vol. 80, No. 7
0022-538X/06/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JVI.80.7.3341-3348.2006
Copyright © 2006, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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