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Journal of Virology, April 2006, p. 3301-3309, Vol. 80, No. 7
0022-538X/06/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JVI.80.7.3301-3309.2006
Copyright © 2006, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Primary Simian Immunodeficiency Virus SIVmnd-2 Infection in Mandrills (Mandrillus sphinx)

Richard Onanga,1* Sandrine Souquière,1 Maria Makuwa,1 Augustin Mouinga-Ondeme,1 François Simon,2 Cristian Apetrei,3 and Pierre Roques1,4

Département de Virologie, Centre International de Recherches Médicales, Franceville, Gabon,1 Centre Hospitalier Charles Nicolle, Rouen, France,2 Tulane National Primate Research Center and Tulane School of Public Health, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana,3 Service de Neurovirologie, CEA, Fontenay aux Roses, France4

Received 20 July 2005/ Accepted 8 January 2006

Mandrills are the only nonhuman primate (NHP) naturally infected by two types of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV): SIVmnd-1 and SIVmnd-2. We have already reported that the high SIVmnd-1 replication during primary infection contrasts with only transient changes in CD4+ and CD8+ cell counts. Since early virus-host interactions predict viral control and disease progression in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients, we investigated the dynamics of SIVmnd-2 primary infection in mandrills to examine the impact on immune effectors in blood and lymph nodes (LNs). To avoid in vitro strain selection, all mandrills in this study received plasma from SIVmnd-2-infected mandrills. SIVmnd-2 plasma viremia peaked at 107 to 108 RNA copies/ml between days 7 and 10. This peak was followed in all four monkeys by a decline in virus replication, with a set point level of 105 to 106 RNA copies/ml at day 42 postinfection (p.i.). Viral DNA load in PBMC and LNs also peaked between days 7 and 10 (105 to 106 DNA copies/106 cells) and stabilized at 103 to 104 DNA copies/106 cells during the chronic phase. Anti-SIVmnd-2 antibodies were detected starting from days 28 to 32. A transitory decline of CD3+ CD4+ cells in the LNs occurred in animals with high peak VLs. CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell activation in blood and LNs was noted between days 5 and 17 p.i., surrounding the peak of viral replication. This was most significant in the LNs. Activation markers then returned to preinfection values despite continuous and active viral replication during the chronic infection. The dynamics of SIVmnd-2 infection in mandrills showed a pattern similar to that of SIVmnd-1 infection. This might be a general feature of nonpathogenic SIV natural African NHP models.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Virology Unit, Centre International de Recherche Médicales de Franceville (CIRMF), B.P. 769, Franceville, Gabon. Phone: (241) 67 70 96. Fax: (241) 67 70 95. E-mail: onangar{at}yahoo.com.

Journal of Virology, April 2006, p. 3301-3309, Vol. 80, No. 7
0022-538X/06/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JVI.80.7.3301-3309.2006
Copyright © 2006, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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