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Journal of Virology, March 2006, p. 2941-2948, Vol. 80, No. 6
0022-538X/06/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JVI.80.6.2941-2948.2006
Copyright © 2006, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Identification and Characterization of an Exogenous Retrovirus from Atlantic Salmon Swim Bladder Sarcomas

Thomas A. Paul,1 Sandra L. Quackenbush,2 Claudia Sutton,1 Rufina N. Casey,1 Paul R. Bowser,1 and James W. Casey1*

Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853,1 Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 805232

Received 24 August 2005/ Accepted 15 December 2005

A novel piscine retrovirus has been identified in association with an outbreak of leiomyosarcoma in the swim bladders of Atlantic salmon. The complete nucleotide sequence of the Atlantic salmon swim bladder sarcoma virus (SSSV) provirus is 10.9 kb in length and shares a structure and transcriptional profile similar to those of murine leukemia virus-like simple retroviruses. SSSV appears unique to simple retroviruses by not harboring sequences in the Atlantic salmon genome. Additionally, SSSV differs from other retroviruses in potentially utilizing a methionine tRNA primer binding site. SSSV-associated tumors contain high proviral copy numbers (greater than 30 per cell) and a polyclonal integration pattern. Phylogenetic analysis based on reverse transcriptase places SSSV with zebrafish endogenous retrovirus (ZFERV) between the Gammaretrovirus and Epsilonretrovirus genera. Large regions of continuous homology between SSSV and ZFERV Gag, Pol, and Env suggest that these viruses represent a new group of related piscine retroviruses.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, C4137 VMC, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853. Phone: (607) 253-3412. Fax: (607) 253-3384. E-mail: jwc3{at}cornell.edu.

Journal of Virology, March 2006, p. 2941-2948, Vol. 80, No. 6
0022-538X/06/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JVI.80.6.2941-2948.2006
Copyright © 2006, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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