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Journal of Virology, March 2006, p. 2894-2903, Vol. 80, No. 6
0022-538X/06/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JVI.80.6.2894-2903.2006
Copyright © 2006, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Inhibition of Receptor Binding Stabilizes Newcastle Disease Virus HN and F Protein-Containing Complexes

Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology,¹ Program in Immunology and Virology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 Lake Avenue North, Worcester, Massachusetts 01655²

Received 18 September 2005/ Accepted 3 January 2006

Receptor binding of paramyxovirus attachment proteins and the interactions between attachment and fusion (F) proteins are thought to be central to activation of the F protein activity; however, mechanisms involved are unclear. To explore the relationships between Newcastle disease virus (NDV) HN and F protein interactions and HN protein attachment to sialic acid receptors, HN and F protein-containing complexes were detected and quantified by reciprocal coimmunoprecipitation from extracts of transfected avian cells. To inhibit HN protein receptor binding, cells transfected with HN and F protein cDNAs were incubated with neuraminidase from the start of transfection. Under these conditions, no fusion was observed, but amounts of HN and F protein complexes increased twofold over amounts detected in extracts of untreated cells. Stimulation of attachment by incubation of untransfected target cells with neuraminidase-treated HN and F protein-expressing cells resulted in a twofold decrease in amounts of HN and F protein complexes. In contrast, high levels of complexes containing HN protein and an uncleaved F protein (F-K115Q) were detected, and those levels were unaffected by neuraminidase treatment of cell monolayers or by incubation with target cells. These results suggest that HN and F proteins reside in a complex in the absence of receptor binding. Furthermore, the results show that not only receptor binding but also F protein cleavage are necessary for disassociation of the HN and F protein-containing complexes.

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