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Journal of Virology, February 2006, p. 1476-1486, Vol. 80, No. 3
0022-538X/06/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JVI.80.3.1476-1486.2006
Copyright © 2006, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Herpes Simplex Virus 1-Encoded Protein Kinase UL13 Phosphorylates Viral Us3 Protein Kinase and Regulates Nuclear Localization of Viral Envelopment Factors UL34 and UL31

Akihisa Kato,1,2,{dagger} Mayuko Yamamoto,2,{dagger} Takashi Ohno,1,2 Michiko Tanaka,4 Tetsutaro Sata,4 Yukihiro Nishiyama,2 and Yasushi Kawaguchi1,2,3*

Department of Infectious Disease Control, International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639,1 Department of Virology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550,2 PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, Saitama, 332-0012,3 Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Disease, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan4

Received 19 September 2005/ Accepted 4 November 2005

UL13 and Us3 are protein kinases encoded by herpes simplex virus 1. We report here that Us3 is a physiological substrate for UL13 in infected cells, based on the following observations. (i) The electrophoretic mobility, in denaturing gels, of Us3 isoforms from Vero cells infected with wild-type virus was slower than that of isoforms from cells infected with a UL13 deletion mutant virus ({Delta}UL13). After treatment with phosphatase, the electrophoretic mobility of the Us3 isoforms from cells infected with wild-type virus changed, with one isoform migrating as fast as one of the Us3 isoforms from {Delta}UL13-infected cells. (ii) A recombinant protein containing a domain of Us3 was phosphorylated by UL13 in vitro. (iii) The phenotype of {Delta}UL13 resembles that of a recombinant virus lacking the Us3 gene ({Delta}Us3) with respect to localization of the viral envelopment factors UL34 and UL31, whose localization has been shown to be regulated by Us3. UL34 and UL31 are localized in a smooth pattern throughout the nuclei of cells infected with wild-type virus, whereas their localization in {Delta}UL13- and {Delta}Us3-infected cells appeared as nuclear punctate patterns. These results indicate that UL13 phosphorylates Us3 in infected cells and regulates UL34 and UL31 localization, either by phosphorylating Us3 or by a Us3-independent mechanism.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Infectious Disease Control, International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan. Phone: 81-3-6409-2070. Fax: 81-3-6409-2072. E-mail: ykawagu{at}ims.u-tokyo.ac.jp.

{dagger} A.K. and M.Y. contributed equally to this work.

Journal of Virology, February 2006, p. 1476-1486, Vol. 80, No. 3
0022-538X/06/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JVI.80.3.1476-1486.2006
Copyright © 2006, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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