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Journal of Virology, February 2006, p. 1367-1375, Vol. 80, No. 3
0022-538X/06/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JVI.80.3.1367-1375.2006
Copyright © 2006, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Divergent Patterns of Recent Retroviral Integrations in the Human and Chimpanzee Genomes: Probable Transmissions between Other Primates and Chimpanzees{dagger}

Patric Jern,1* Göran O. Sperber,2 and Jonas Blomberg1

Section of Virology, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden,1 Unit of Physiology, Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden2

Received 3 August 2005/ Accepted 14 November 2005

The human genome is littered by endogenous retrovirus sequences (HERVs), which constitute up to 8% of the total genomic sequence. The sequencing of the human (Homo sapiens) and chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) genomes has facilitated the evolutionary study of ERVs and related sequences. We screened both the human genome (version hg16) and the chimpanzee genome (version PanTro1) for ERVs and conducted a phylogenetic analysis of recent integrations. We found a number of recent integrations within both genomes. They segregated into four groups. Two larger gammaretrovirus-like groups (PtG1 and PtG2) occurred in chimpanzees but not in humans. The PtG sequences were most similar to two baboon ERVs and a macaque sequence but neither to other chimpanzee ERVs nor to any human gammaretrovirus-like ERVs. The pattern was consistent with cross-species transfer via predation. This appears to be an example of horizontal transfer of retroviruses with occasional fixation in the germ line.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Section of Virology, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Academic Hospital, Dag Hammarskjolds v. 17, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden. Phone: 46 18 611 39 53. Fax: 46 18 55 10 12. E-mail: Patric.Jern{at}medsci.uu.se.

{dagger} Supplemental material for this article may be found at http://jvi.asm.org/.

Journal of Virology, February 2006, p. 1367-1375, Vol. 80, No. 3
0022-538X/06/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JVI.80.3.1367-1375.2006
Copyright © 2006, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



This article has been cited by other articles:

  • Diehl, W. E., Stansell, E., Kaiser, S. M., Emerman, M., Hunter, E. (2008). Identification of Postentry Restrictions to Mason-Pfizer Monkey Virus Infection in New World Monkey Cells. J. Virol. 82: 11140-11151 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Sperber, G. O., Airola, T., Jern, P., Blomberg, J. (2007). Automated recognition of retroviral sequences in genomic data RetroTector(C). Nucleic Acids Res 35: 4964-4976 [Abstract] [Full Text]  


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