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Journal of Virology, February 2006, p. 1271-1279, Vol. 80, No. 3
0022-538X/06/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JVI.80.3.1271-1279.2006
Copyright © 2006, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Functional Analyses of RNA Structures Shared between the Internal Ribosome Entry Sites of Hepatitis C Virus and the Picornavirus Porcine Teschovirus 1 Talfan

Louisa S. Chard,¹ Yoshihiro Kaku,^2, Barbara Jones,¹ Arabinda Nayak,¹ and Graham J. Belsham^1*

BBSRC Institute for Animal Health, Pirbright, Woking, Surrey GU24 0NF, United Kingdom,¹ Department of Exotic Diseases, National Institute of Animal Health, 6-20-1 Josuihoncho, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-0022, Japan²

Received 23 June 2005/ Accepted 15 November 2005

The internal ribosome entry site (IRES) of porcine teschovirus 1 (PTV-1), a member of the Picornaviridae family, is quite distinct from other well-characterized picornavirus IRES elements, but it displays functional similarities to the IRES from hepatitis C virus (HCV), a member of the Flaviviridae family. In particular, a dominant negative mutant form of eIF4A does not inhibit the activity of the PTV-1 IRES. Furthermore, there is a high level (ca. 50%) of identity between the PTV-1 and HCV IRES sequences. A secondary-structure model of the whole PTV-1 IRES has been derived which includes a pseudoknot. Validation of specific features within the model has been achieved by mutagenesis and functional assays. The differences and similarities between the PTV-1 and HCV IRES elements should assist in defining the critical features of this type of IRES.

Present address: National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan.

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