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Journal of Virology, December 2006, p. 12343-12349, Vol. 80, No. 24
0022-538X/06/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JVI.01378-06
Copyright © 2006, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Rotavirus Nonstructural Glycoprotein NSP4 Is Secreted from the Apical Surfaces of Polarized Epithelial Cells{triangledown}

Andrea Bugarcic and John A. Taylor*

School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand

Received 29 June 2006/ Accepted 28 September 2006

NSP4, a nonstructural glycoprotein encoded by rotavirus, is involved in the morphogenesis of virus particles in the endoplasmic reticulum of infected cells. NSP4 is also implicated in the pathophysiology of rotavirus-induced diarrhea by acting as an enterotoxin. To mediate enterotoxic effects in vivo, NSP4 must be secreted or released from rotavirus-infected cells in a soluble form; however, previous studies have indicated that NSP4 is a transmembrane glycoprotein localized within endomembrane compartments in infected cells. In this study, we examined the fate of NSP4 synthesized in Caco-2 cells infected with bovine rotavirus. Our studies reveal that NSP4 is actively secreted into the culture medium, preferentially from the infected-cell apical surface. The secretion of NSP4 is dramatically inhibited by brefeldin A and monensin, suggesting that a Golgi-dependent pathway is involved in release of the protein. In agreement with the proposed involvement of the Golgi apparatus during secretion, secreted NSP4 appears to undergo additional posttranslational modification compared to its cell-associated counterpart and is partially resistant to deglycosylation by endoglycosidase H. Our experiments identify a novel, soluble form of NSP4 secreted from virus-infected cells with the potential to carry out the enterotoxigenic role previously attributed to recombinant forms of the protein.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand. Phone: 649 373 7599, ext. 82854. Fax: 649 373 7414. E-mail: ja.taylor{at}auckland.ac.nz.

{triangledown} Published ahead of print on 11 October 2006.

Journal of Virology, December 2006, p. 12343-12349, Vol. 80, No. 24
0022-538X/06/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JVI.01378-06
Copyright © 2006, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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