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Journal of Virology, November 2006, p. 11398-11403, Vol. 80, No. 22
0022-538X/06/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JVI.01177-06
Copyright © 2006, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

PD-1 Expression in Acute Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) Infection Is Associated with HCV-Specific CD8 Exhaustion{triangledown}

Simona Urbani,1 Barbara Amadei,1 Daniela Tola,1 Marco Massari,2 Simona Schivazappa,1 Gabriele Missale,1 and Carlo Ferrari1*

Laboratory of Viral Immunopathology, Department of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, Azienda Ospedaliera di Parma, Parma, Italy,1 Unità Operativa Malattie Infettive, Azienda Ospedaliera S. Maria Nuova di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy2

Received 7 June 2006/ Accepted 28 August 2006

Hepatitis C virus (HCV)-specific CD8 cell exhaustion may represent a mechanism of HCV persistence. The inhibitory receptor PD-1 has been reported to be up-regulated in exhausted CD8 cells. Therefore, we studied PD-1 expression longitudinally during acute HCV infection. Most HCV-specific CD8 cells expressed PD-1 at the time of acute illness, irrespective of the final outcome. PD-1 expression declined with the acquisition of a memory phenotype and recovery of an efficient CD8 cell function in resolving HCV infections, whereas high levels were maintained when HCV persisted and HCV-specific CD8 cells remained dysfunctional. Blocking PD-1/PDL-1 interaction with an anti-PDL-1 antibody improved the capacity of expansion of virus-specific CD8 cells.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Laboratorio Immunopatologia Virale, Unit of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43100 Parma, Italy. Phone: 39-0521-703859. Fax: 39-0521-703857. E-mail: epatos{at}tin.it.

{triangledown} Published ahead of print on 6 September 2006.

Journal of Virology, November 2006, p. 11398-11403, Vol. 80, No. 22
0022-538X/06/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JVI.01177-06
Copyright © 2006, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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