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Journal of Virology, November 2006, p. 11009-11018, Vol. 80, No. 22
0022-538X/06/$08.00+0 doi:10.1128/JVI.00787-06
Copyright © 2006, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.
*
Porntippa Lekcharoensuk,2,
,
Kelly M. Lager,1
Amy L. Vincent,1
Christina M. Loiacono,2
Bruce H. Janke,2
Wai-Hong Wu,2
Kyoung-Jin Yoon,2
Richard J. Webby,3
Alicia Solórzano,4 and
Adolfo García-Sastre4
Virus and Prion Diseases of Livestock Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Ames, Iowa 50010,1 Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011,2 Division of Virology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105,3 Department of Microbiology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York 100294
Received 18 April 2006/ Accepted 22 August 2006
Swine
influenza viruses (SIV) naturally infect pigs and can be transmitted to
humans. In the pig, genetic reassortment to create novel influenza
subtypes by mixing avian, human, and swine influenza viruses is
possible. An SIV vaccine inducing cross-protective immunity between
different subtypes and strains circulating in pigs is highly desirable.
Previously, we have shown that an H3N2 SIV (A/swine/Texas/4199-2/98
[TX98]) containing a deleted NS1 gene expressing a truncated NS1
protein of 126 amino acids, NS1
126, was attenuated in swine.
In this study, 4-week-old pigs were vaccinated with the TX98
NS1
126 modified live virus (MLV). Ten days after boosting,
pigs were challenged with wild-type homologous H3N2 or heterosubtypic
H1N1 SIV and sacrificed 5 days later. The MLV was highly attenuated and
completely protected against challenge with the homologous virus.
Vaccinated pigs challenged with the heterosubtypic H1N1 virus
demonstrated macroscopic lung lesions similar to those of the
unvaccinated H1N1 control pigs. Remarkably, vaccinated pigs challenged
with the H1N1 SIV had significantly lower microscopic lung lesions and
less virus shedding from the respiratory tract than did unvaccinated,
H1N1-challenged pigs. All vaccinated pigs developed significant levels
of hemagglutination inhibition and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
titers in serum and mucosal immunoglobulin A antibodies against H3N2
SIV antigens. Vaccinated pigs were seronegative for NS1, indicating the
potential use of the TX98 NS1
126 MLV as a vaccine to
differentiate infected from vaccinated
animals.
Published
ahead of print on 30 August 2006.
Both
authors contributed equally to the work.
Present address: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of
Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900,
Thailand.
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