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Journal of Virology, January 2006, p. 975-984, Vol. 80, No. 2
0022-538X/06/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JVI.80.2.975-984.2006
Copyright © 2006, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Natural History of Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus Inferred from Phylogenetic Analysis of the Attachment (G) Glycoprotein with a 60-Nucleotide Duplication

Alfonsina Trento,1,{dagger} Mariana Viegas,2,{dagger} Mónica Galiano,3 Cristina Videla,3 Guadalupe Carballal,3 Alicia S. Mistchenko,2 and José A. Melero1*

Unidad de Biología Viral, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, 28220 Madrid, Spain,1 Laboratorio de Virología, Hospital de Niños Dr. Ricardo Gutiérrez, Gallo 1330, C1425EFD Buenos Aires, Argentina,2 Laboratorio de Virología, Centro de Educación Médica e Investigaciones Clínicas, CEMIC, Hospital Universitario, Av. Galván 4102, C1431FWO Buenos Aires, Argentina3

Received 17 August 2005/ Accepted 20 September 2005

A total of 47 clinical samples were identified during an active surveillance program of respiratory infections in Buenos Aires (BA) (1999 to 2004) that contained sequences of human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) with a 60-nucleotide duplication in the attachment (G) protein gene. This duplication was analogous to that previously described for other three viruses also isolated in Buenos Aires in 1999 (A. Trento et al., J. Gen. Virol. 84:3115-3120, 2003). Phylogenetic analysis indicated that BA sequences with that duplication shared a common ancestor (dated about 1998) with other HRSV G sequences reported worldwide after 1999. The duplicated nucleotide sequence was an exact copy of the preceding 60 nucleotides in early viruses, but both copies of the duplicated segment accumulated nucleotide substitutions in more recent viruses at a rate apparently higher than in other regions of the G protein gene. The evolution of the viruses with the duplicated G segment apparently followed the overall evolutionary pattern previously described for HRSV, and this genotype has replaced other prevailing antigenic group B genotypes in Buenos Aires and other places. Thus, the duplicated segment represents a natural tag that can be used to track the dissemination and evolution of HRSV in an unprecedented setting. We have taken advantage of this situation to reexamine the molecular epidemiology of HRSV and to explore the natural history of this important human pathogen.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Unidad de Biología Viral, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, 28220 Madrid, Spain. Phone: 34 91 509 7941. Fax: 34 91 509 7919. E-mail: jmelero{at}isciii.es.

{dagger} A.T. and M.V. contributed equally to this work.

Journal of Virology, January 2006, p. 975-984, Vol. 80, No. 2
0022-538X/06/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JVI.80.2.975-984.2006
Copyright © 2006, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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