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Journal of Virology, January 2006, p. 623-633, Vol. 80, No. 2
0022-538X/06/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JVI.80.2.623-633.2006
Copyright © 2006, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Addition of N-Glycans in the Stalk of the Newcastle Disease Virus HN Protein Blocks Its Interaction with the F Protein and Prevents Fusion

Vanessa R. Melanson and Ronald M. Iorio*

Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Program in Immunology and Virology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01655-0122

Received 19 August 2005/ Accepted 21 October 2005

Most paramyxovirus fusion (F) proteins require the coexpression of the homologous attachment (HN) protein to promote membrane fusion, consistent with the existence of a virus-specific interaction between the two proteins. Analysis of the fusion activities of chimeric HN proteins indicates that the stalk region of the HN spike determines its F protein specificity, and analysis of a panel of site-directed mutants indicates that the F-interactive site resides in this region. Here, we use the addition of oligosaccharides to further explore the role of the HN stalk in the interaction with F. N-glycans were individually added at several positions in the stalk to determine their effects on the activities of HN, as well as its structure. N-glycan addition at positions 69 and 77 in the stalk specifically blocks fusion and the HN-F interaction without affecting either HN structure or its other activities. N-glycans added at other positions in the stalk modulate activities that reside in the globular head of HN. This correlates with an alteration of the tetrameric structure of the protein, as indicated by sucrose gradient sedimentation analyses. Finally, N-glycan addition in another region of HN (residues 124 to 152), predicted by a peptide-based analysis to mediate the interaction with F, does not significantly reduce the level of fusion, arguing strongly against this site being part of the F-interactive domain in HN. Our data support the idea that the F-interactive site on HN is defined by the stalk region of the protein.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 Lake Avenue North, Worcester, MA 01655-0122. Phone: (508) 856-5257. Fax: (508) 856-5920. E-mail: Ronald.Iorio{at}umassmed.edu.

Journal of Virology, January 2006, p. 623-633, Vol. 80, No. 2
0022-538X/06/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JVI.80.2.623-633.2006
Copyright © 2006, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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