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Journal of Virology, January 2006, p. 605-614, Vol. 80, No. 2
0022-538X/06/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JVI.80.2.605-614.2006
Copyright © 2006, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Restriction of Foamy Viruses by APOBEC Cytidine Deaminases{dagger}

Frédéric Delebecque,1,{ddagger} Rodolphe Suspène,2,{ddagger} Sara Calattini,3 Nicoletta Casartelli,1 Ali Saïb,4 Alain Froment,5 Simon Wain-Hobson,2 Antoine Gessain,3 Jean-Pierre Vartanian,2 and Olivier Schwartz1*

Virus and Immunity Group,1 Molecular Retrovirology Unit,2 Epidemiology and Physiopathology of Oncogenic Viruses Unit, URA CNRS 1930, Institut Pasteur, 28 rue du Dr. Roux, 75724 Paris cedex 15, France,3 Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie, Hôpital Saint-Louis, 1 avenue Claude Vellefaux, 75475 Paris cedex 10, France,4 Ermes, IRD, Orléans, France5

Received 26 August 2005/ Accepted 16 October 2005

Foamy viruses (FVs) are nonpathogenic retroviruses infecting many species of mammals, notably primates, cattle, and cats. We have examined whether members of the apolipoprotein B-editing catalytic polypeptide-like subunit (APOBEC) family of antiviral cytidine deaminases restrict replication of simian FV. We show that human APOBEC3G is a potent inhibitor of FV infectivity in cell culture experiments. This antiviral activity is associated with cytidine editing of the viral genome. Both molecular FV clones and primary uncloned viruses were susceptible to APOBEC3G, and viral infectivity was also inhibited by murine and simian APOBEC3G homologues, as well as by human APOBEC3F. Wild-type and bet-deleted viruses were similarly sensitive to this antiviral activity, suggesting that Bet does not significantly counteract APOBEC proteins. Moreover, we did not detect FV sequences that may have been targeted by APOBEC in naturally infected macaques, but we observed a few G-to-A substitutions in humans that have been accidentally contaminated by simian FV. In infected hosts, the persistence strategy employed by FV might be based on low levels of replication, as well as avoidance of cells expressing large amounts of active cytidine deaminases.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Institut Pasteur, Virology, 28 rue du Dr. Roux, 75724 Paris cedex 15, France. Phone: 33 145688353. Fax: 33 140613465. E-mail: schwartz{at}pasteur.fr.

{dagger} Supplemental material for this article may be found at http://jvi.asm.org/.

{ddagger} Both authors contributed similarly to this work.

Journal of Virology, January 2006, p. 605-614, Vol. 80, No. 2
0022-538X/06/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JVI.80.2.605-614.2006
Copyright © 2006, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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