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The L2 Minor Capsid Protein of Low-Risk Human Papillomavirus Type 11 Interacts with Host Nuclear Import Receptors and Viral DNA

Biology Department, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467

Received 17 April 2006/ Accepted 30 May 2006

Analysis of the interactions of low-risk human papillomavirus type 11 (HPV11) L2 with karyopherin ß (Kap ß) nuclear import receptors revealed that L2 interacted with Kap ß₁, Kap ß₂, and Kap ß₃ and formed a complex with the Kap ₂ß₁ heterodimer. HPV11 L2 contains two nuclear localization signals (NLSs)—in the N terminus and the C terminus—that could mediate its nuclear import via a classical pathway. Each NLS was functional in vivo, and deletion of both of them abolished L2 nuclear localization. Both NLSs interacted with the viral DNA. Thus, HPV11 L2 can interact with several karyopherins and the viral DNA and may enter the nucleus via multiple pathways.

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