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Journal of Virology, August 2006, p. 8081-8088, Vol. 80, No. 16
0022-538X/06/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JVI.00065-06
Copyright © 2006, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Global Changes in Cellular Gene Expression during Bacteriophage PRD1 Infection{dagger}

Minna M. Poranen,1,2 Janne J. Ravantti,1,2 A. Marika Grahn,1,2,{ddagger} Rashi Gupta,1 Petri Auvinen,1 and Dennis H. Bamford1,2*

Institute of Biotechnology,1 Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Viikki Biocenter, P.O. Box 56 (Viikinkaari 5), 00014 University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland2

Received 10 January 2006/ Accepted 30 May 2006

Virus-induced changes in cellular gene expression and host physiology have been studied extensively. Still, there are only a few analyses covering the entire viral replication cycle and whole-host gene pool expression at the resolution of a single gene. Here we report changes in Escherichia coli gene expression during bacteriophage PRD1 infection using microarray technology. Relative mRNA levels were systematically measured for over 99% of the host open reading frames throughout the infection cycle. Although drastic modifications could be detected in the expression of individual genes, global changes at the whole-genome level were moderate. Notably, the majority of virus-induced changes took place only after the synthesis of virion components, indicating that there is no major reprogramming of the host during early infection. The most highly induced genes encoded chaparones and other stress-inducible proteins.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Viikki Biocenter, P.O. Box 56 (Viikinkaari 5), 00014 University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland. Phone: (358) 9 191 59100. Fax: (358) 9 191 59098. E-mail: dennis.bamford{at}helsinki.fi.

{dagger} Supplemental material for this article may be found at http://jvi.asm.org/.

{ddagger} Present address: Roal Oy, P.O. Box 57, 05201 Rajamäki, Finland.

Journal of Virology, August 2006, p. 8081-8088, Vol. 80, No. 16
0022-538X/06/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JVI.00065-06
Copyright © 2006, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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