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Journal of Virology, August 2006, p. 7469-7480, Vol. 80, No. 15
0022-538X/06/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JVI.02677-05
Copyright © 2006, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Influenza Virus Receptor Specificity and Cell Tropism in Mouse and Human Airway Epithelial Cells

Aida Ibricevic,1 Andrew Pekosz,2 Michael J. Walter,1 Celeste Newby,2 John T. Battaile,1 Earl G. Brown,3 Michael J. Holtzman,1,4 and Steven L. Brody1*

Departments of Internal Medicine,1 Molecular Microbiology,2 Cell Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri,4 Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada3

Received 21 December 2005/ Accepted 30 April 2006

Recent human infections caused by the highly pathogenic avian influenza virus H5N1 strains emphasize an urgent need for assessment of factors that allow viral transmission, replication, and intra-airway spread. Important determinants for virus infection are epithelial cell receptors identified as glycans terminated by an {alpha}2,3-linked sialic acid (SA) that preferentially bind avian strains and glycans terminated by an {alpha}2,6-linked SA that bind human strains. The mouse is often used as a model for study of influenza viruses, including recent avian strains; however, the selectivity for infection of specific respiratory cell populations is not well described, and any relationship between receptors in the mouse and human lungs is incompletely understood. Here, using in vitro human and mouse airway epithelial cell models and in vivo mouse infection, we found that the {alpha}2,3-linked SA receptor was expressed in ciliated airway and type II alveolar epithelial cells and was targeted for cell-specific infection in both species. The {alpha}2,6-linked SA receptor was not expressed in the mouse, a factor that may contribute to the inability of some human strains to efficiently infect the mouse lung. In human airway epithelial cells, {alpha}2,6-linked SA was expressed and functional in both ciliated and goblet cells, providing expanded cellular tropism. Differences in receptor and cell-specific expression in these species suggest that differentiated human airway epithelial cell cultures may be superior for evaluation of some human strains, while the mouse can provide a model for studying avian strains that preferentially bind only the {alpha}2,3-linked SA receptor.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Box 8052, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Ave., St. Louis, MO 63110. Phone: (314) 362-8969. Fax: (314) 362-8987. E-mail: sbrody{at}im.wustl.edu.

Journal of Virology, August 2006, p. 7469-7480, Vol. 80, No. 15
0022-538X/06/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JVI.02677-05
Copyright © 2006, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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Copyright © 2006 by the American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.