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Journal of Virology, August 2006, p. 7339-7353, Vol. 80, No. 15
0022-538X/06/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JVI.00309-06
Copyright © 2006, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Promoter Activation by the Varicella-Zoster Virus Major Transactivator IE62 and the Cellular Transcription Factor USF

Min Yang, Hua Peng,{dagger} John Hay, and William T. Ruyechan*

Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Witebsky Center for Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14214

Received 13 February 2006/ Accepted 19 May 2006

The varicella-zoster virus major transactivator, IE62, can activate expression from homologous and heterologous promoters. High levels of IE62-mediated activation appear to involve synergy with cellular transcription factors. The work presented here focuses on functional interactions of IE62 with the ubiquitously expressed cellular factor USF. We have found that USF can synergize with IE62 to a similar extent on model minimal promoters and the complex native ORF28/29 regulatory element, neither of which contains a consensus IE62 binding site. Using Gal4 fusion constructs, we have found that the activation domain of USF1 is necessary and sufficient for synergistic activation with IE62. We have mapped the regions of USF and IE62 required for direct physical interaction. Deletion of the required region within IE62 does not ablate synergistic activation but does influence its efficiency depending on promoter architecture. Both proteins stabilize/increase binding of TATA binding protein/TFIID to promoter elements. These findings suggest a novel mechanism for the observed synergistic activation which requires neither site-specific IE62 binding to the promoter nor a direct physical interaction with USF.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, 138 Farber Hall, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214-3000. Phone: (716) 829-2312. Fax: (716) 829-2376. E-mail: ruyechan{at}buffalo.edu.

{dagger} Present address: Laboratory of Viral Diseases, NIAID, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892.

Journal of Virology, August 2006, p. 7339-7353, Vol. 80, No. 15
0022-538X/06/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JVI.00309-06
Copyright © 2006, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



This article has been cited by other articles:

  • Wang, L., Sommer, M., Rajamani, J., Arvin, A. M. (2009). Regulation of the ORF61 Promoter and ORF61 Functions in Varicella-Zoster Virus Replication and Pathogenesis. J. Virol. 83: 7560-7572 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Yang, M., Hay, J., Ruyechan, W. T. (2008). Varicella-Zoster Virus IE62 Protein Utilizes the Human Mediator Complex in Promoter Activation. J. Virol. 82: 12154-12163 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Khalil, M. I., Hay, J., Ruyechan, W. T. (2008). Cellular Transcription Factors Sp1 and Sp3 Suppress Varicella-Zoster Virus Origin-Dependent DNA Replication. J. Virol. 82: 11723-11733 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
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