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Journal of Virology, July 2006, p. 6657-6668, Vol. 80, No. 13
0022-538X/06/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JVI.02270-05
Copyright © 2006, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Genotoxic Stress and Cellular Stress Alter the Subcellular Distribution of Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus Type 1 Tax through a CRM1-Dependent Mechanism

Michael L. Gatza and Susan J. Marriott*

Interdepartmental Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza MS-385, Houston, Texas 77030

Received 27 October 2005/ Accepted 14 April 2006

Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 Tax is a predominantly nuclear viral oncoprotein that colocalizes with cellular proteins in nuclear foci known as Tax speckled structures (TSS). Tax is also diffusely distributed throughout the cytoplasm, where it interacts with and affects the functions of cytoplasmic cellular proteins. Mechanisms that regulate the distribution of Tax between the cytoplasm and nucleus remain to be identified. Since Tax has been shown to promote genome instability by perturbing cell cycle progression and DNA repair mechanisms following DNA damage, we examined the effect of genotoxic stress on the subcellular distribution and interacting partners of Tax. Tax localization was altered in response to various forms of cellular stress, resulting in an increase in cytoplasmic Tax and a decrease in Tax speckled structures. Concomitantly, colocalization of Tax with sc35 (a TSS protein) decreased following stress. Tax translocation required the CRM1 nuclear export pathway, and a transient interaction between Tax and CRM1 was observed following stress. These results suggest that the subcellular distribution of Tax and the interactions between Tax and cellular proteins respond dynamically to cellular stress. Changes in Tax distribution and interacting partners are likely to affect cellular processes that regulate cellular transformation.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza MS-385, Houston, TX 77030. Phone: (713) 798-4440. Fax: (713) 798-3491. E-mail: susanm{at}bcm.tmc.edu.

Journal of Virology, July 2006, p. 6657-6668, Vol. 80, No. 13
0022-538X/06/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JVI.02270-05
Copyright © 2006, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



This article has been cited by other articles:

  • Edwards, D. C., Marriott, S. J. (2008). Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus Type 1 Tax Relieves Repression of Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen Gene Expression. J. Virol. 82: 11714-11722 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Chandhasin, C., Ducu, R. I., Berkovich, E., Kastan, M. B., Marriott, S. J. (2008). Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus Type 1 Tax Attenuates the ATM-Mediated Cellular DNA Damage Response. J. Virol. 82: 6952-6961 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Tsuji, T., Sheehy, N., Gautier, V. W., Hayakawa, H., Sawa, H., Hall, W. W. (2007). The Nuclear Import of the Human T Lymphotropic Virus Type I (HTLV-1) Tax Protein Is Carrier- and Energy-independent. J. Biol. Chem. 282: 13875-13883 [Abstract] [Full Text]  


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