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Journal of Virology, July 2006, p. 6575-6587, Vol. 80, No. 13
0022-538X/06/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JVI.00347-06
Copyright © 2006, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Simian Virus 40 Late Proteins Possess Lytic Properties That Render Them Capable of Permeabilizing Cellular Membranes

Robert Daniels,1 Nasser M. Rusan,2,{dagger} Anne-Kathrin Wilbuer,1,{ddagger} Leonard C. Norkin,3 Patricia Wadsworth,2 and Daniel N. Hebert1*

Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology,1 Biology,2 Microbiology, Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 010033

Received 17 February 2006/ Accepted 18 April 2006

Many nonenveloped viruses have evolved an infectious cycle that culminates in the lysis or permeabilization of the host to enable viral release. How these viruses initiate the lytic event is largely unknown. Here, we demonstrated that the simian virus 40 progeny accumulated at the nuclear envelope prior to the permeabilization of the nuclear, endoplasmic reticulum, and plasma membranes at a time which corresponded with the release of the progeny. The permeabilization of these cellular membranes temporally correlated with late protein expression and was not observed upon the inhibition of their synthesis. To address whether one or more of the late proteins possessed an inherent capacity to induce membrane permeabilization, we examined the permeability of Escherichia coli that separately expressed the late proteins. VP2 and VP3, but not VP1, caused the permeabilization of bacterial membranes. Additionally, VP3 expression resulted in bacterial cell lysis. These findings demonstrate that VP3 possesses an inherent lytic property that is independent of eukaryotic signaling or cell death pathways.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003. Phone: (413) 545-0079. Fax: (413) 545-3291. E-mail: dhebert{at}biochem.umass.edu.

{dagger} Present address: Biology Department, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599.

{ddagger} Present address: Department of Cancer Immunology and AIDS, Program in Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115.

Journal of Virology, July 2006, p. 6575-6587, Vol. 80, No. 13
0022-538X/06/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JVI.00347-06
Copyright © 2006, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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