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Journal of Virology, June 2006, p. 5976-5983, Vol. 80, No. 12
0022-538X/06/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JVI.00110-06
Copyright © 2006, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Properties and Dissemination of H5N1 Viruses Isolated during an Influenza Outbreak in Migratory Waterfowl in Western China {dagger}

Hualan Chen,1* Yanbing Li,1 Zejun Li,1 Jianzhong Shi,1 Kyoko Shinya,2,3 Guohua Deng,1 Qiaoling Qi,1 Guobin Tian,1 Shufang Fan,1 Haidan Zhao,1 Yingxiang Sun,4 and Yoshihiro Kawaoka2,5,6

Animal Influenza Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 427 Maduan Street, Harbin 150001, People's Republic of China,1 Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan,2 Avian Zoonosis Research Centre, Tottori University, Faculty of Agriculture, 4-101 Minami, Koyama-cho, Tottori 680-8550, Japan,3 Division of Animal Production and Veterinary Medicine Bureau of Agri-Animal Production of Qinghai Province, 2 Jiaotong Road, Xining 810008, People's Republic of China,4 Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 2015 Linden Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706,5 CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama 332-0012, Japan6

Received 16 January 2006/ Accepted 13 March 2006

H5N1 influenza A viruses are widely distributed among poultry in Asia, but until recently, only a limited number of wild birds were affected. During late April through June 2005, an outbreak of H5N1 virus infection occurred among wild birds at Qinghai Lake in China. Here, we describe the features of this outbreak. First identified in bar-headed geese, the disease soon spread to other avian species populating the lake. Sequence analysis of 15 viruses representing six avian species and collected at different times during the outbreak revealed four different H5N1 genotypes. Most of the isolates possessed lysine at position 627 in the PB2 protein, a residue known to be associated with virulence in mice and adaptation to humans. However, neither of the two index viruses possessed this residue. All of the viruses tested were pathogenic in mice, with the exception of one index virus. We also tested the replication of two viruses isolated during the Qinghai Lake outbreak and one unrelated duck H5N1 virus in rhesus macaques. The Qinghai Lake viruses did not replicate efficiently in these animals, producing no evidence of disease other than transient fever, while the duck virus replicated in multiple organs and caused symptoms of respiratory illness. Importantly, H5N1 viruses isolated in Mongolia, Russia, Inner Mongolia, and the Liaoning Province of China after August 2005 were genetically closely related to one of the genotypes isolated during the Qinghai outbreak, suggesting the dominant nature of this genotype and underscoring the need for worldwide intensive surveillance to minimize its devastating consequences.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, 427 Maduan Street, Harbin 150001, People's Republic of China. Phone: 86-451-82761925. Fax: 86-451-82733132. E-mail: hlchen1{at}yahoo.com.

{dagger} Supplemental material for this article may be found at http://jvi.asm.org/.

Journal of Virology, June 2006, p. 5976-5983, Vol. 80, No. 12
0022-538X/06/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JVI.00110-06
Copyright © 2006, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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