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Journal of Virology, June 2006, p. 5941-5950, Vol. 80, No. 12
0022-538X/06/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JVI.02430-05
Copyright © 2006, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Molecular and Functional Analyses of a Human Parvovirus B19 Infectious Clone Demonstrates Essential Roles for NS1, VP1, and the 11-Kilodalton Protein in Virus Replication and Infectivity

Ning Zhi,* Ian P. Mills, Jun Lu, Susan Wong, Claudia Filippone, and Kevin E. Brown{dagger}

Hematology Branch, National, Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, Maryland

Received 18 November 2005/ Accepted 16 March 2006

In an attempt to experimentally define the roles of viral proteins encoded by the B19 genome in the viral life cycle, we utilized the B19 infectious clone constructed in our previous study to create two groups of B19 mutant genomes: (i) null mutants, in which either a translational initiation codon for each of these viral genes was substituted by a translational termination codon or a termination codon was inserted into the open reading frame by a frameshift; and (ii) a deletion mutant, in which half of the hairpin sequence was deleted at both the 5' and the 3' termini. The impact of these mutations on viral infectivity, DNA replication, capsid protein production, and distribution was systematically examined. Null mutants of the NS and VP1 proteins or deletion of the terminal hairpin sequence completely abolished the viral infectivity, whereas blocking expression of the 7.5-kDa protein or the putative protein X had no effect on infectivity in vitro. Blocking expression of the proline-rich 11-kDa protein significantly reduced B19 viral infectivity, and protein studies suggested that the expression of the 11-kDa protein was critical for VP2 capsid production and trafficking in infected cells. These findings suggest a previously unrecognized role for the 11-kDa protein, and together the results enhance our understanding of the key features of the B19 viral genome and proteins.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Bldg. 10/CRC, Rm. 3E-5272, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Dr., Bethesda, MD 20892-1202. Phone: (301) 451-7137. Fax: (301) 496-8396. E-mail: zhin{at}nhlbi.nih.gov.

{dagger} Present address: Virus Reference Department, Centre for Infections, Health Protection Agency Colindale, London, United Kingdom.

Journal of Virology, June 2006, p. 5941-5950, Vol. 80, No. 12
0022-538X/06/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JVI.02430-05
Copyright © 2006, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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